LAYERED DOUBLE HYDROXIDES: PRESENT AND FUTURE -- LAYERED DOUBLE HYDROXIDES: PRESENT AND FUTURE -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- REFERENCES -- PART I: SYNTHESIS, STRUCTURE AND CHARACTERISATION -- LAYERED DOUBLE HYDROXIDES: SYNTHESIS AND POST-SYNTHESIS MODIFICATION -- INTRODUCTION -- STRUCTURAL DESCRIPTION -- Trivalent metal ratio -- Metal cations in the layers -- Structure of the layers -- Interlamellar anions -- Interlamellar structure -- A Nomenclature for LDHs -- PREPARATION OF LDHS -- Coprecipitation Method -- Mechanism of Coprecipitation -- Origin of Interlamellar Anions -- Experimental Parameters -- Which Metals ? -- Which anions ? -- Which MII/MIII ratio ? -- Which hydration state ? -- Thermal Treatment -- Addition rate or aging -- The urea method -- LDHs with two divalent or trivalent metal cations -- Other Preparative Methods and Comparison -- Induced hydrolysis -- Salt - oxide method -- The [Zn-Cr-Cl] system. -- Preparation of other LDH -- Comparison of Preparative Methods -- POST SYNTHESIS MODIFICATION OF LDHS -- Anionic exchange -- Washing and drying process -- Grafting of anions onto LDH layers -- Examples: Modification of oxoanions intercalated LDHs. -- Polycondensation of Silicate in [Zn-Al] and [Zn-Cr] LDHs -- Intercalation of Silicate Species in [Zn-Cr] and [Zn-Al] LDH45 -- Pillaring of Silicate Sheets on Double Hydroxides Layers -- [Zn-Cr-SiO4] compound -- [Zn-Al-SiO4] compound -- Hybrid LDHs -- Calcination and reconstruction -- Redox modifications -- Delamination of LDH by use of surfactants -- Delamination process example -- REFERENCES -- CRYSTAL STRUCTURE AND X-RAY IDENTIFICATION OF LAYERED DOUBLE HYDROXIDES -- INTRODUCTION -- LAYERS AND INTERLAYERS -- Brucite Layer -- Brucite-Like Layers -- The Relationship between x and Layer Cell Parameter a -- Order-disorder in Isomorphous Cation Distribution -- Composition of LDHs Interlayers.

Structural Formulae, Unit Cell Parameters and Nomenclature of Natural LDHs -- EXPERIMENTAL METHODS: A BRIEF OUTLINE -- Determination of Unit-cell Parameters -- Structural Analysis -- ONE-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURAL MODELS OF CO3- AND SO4-BEARING LDHS -- CO3-Bearing LDHs -- SO4 - Bearing LDHs -- Ordered Interstratification of Interlayer Anions -- Behavior of SO4 - Bearing Phases on Ethylene Glycol or Glycerol Saturation -- Mixed-Anion Interlayer Composition -- POLYTYPE DIVERSITY OF THE LDH COMPOUNDS -- Notations -- Two-Layer Polytypes -- Three-Layer Polytypes -- Six-Layer Polytypes -- STRUCTURAL MODELS OF LDH POLYTYPES AND THEIR X-RAY DIFFRACTION FEATURES -- 3D Models -- XRD Features of LDH Polytypes with Random Cation-Anion Distribution -- XRD Features of LDH Polytypes with Ordered Cation-Anion Distribution -- Structural Disorder and Intensity of 10l Superreflections -- Stacking Faults -- POLYTYPE DIVERSITY OF EXPERIMENTALLY STUDIED LDHS -- Polytypes with Interlayer −23CO - Anions -- SO4-Bearing Polytypes with the Minimum Periodicity C0 = 8.8 Å -- SO4-Bearing Polytypes with the Minimum Periodicity C0 = 11 Å -- Polytypism of LDH Containing O−H, C−l, and −24CrO - Anions -- Multilayer Polytypes with Interstratified Interlayers of Different Composition -- The Main Crystal Chemical Features of LDH Polytypes -- Order-Disorder in Cation Distribution Long-Range Order -- Short-Range Cation Order -- NATURAL AND SYNTHETIC LDHS WITH UNUSUAL STRUCTURAL FEATURES -- Coalingite -- Structures with Vacancy-Containing Brucite-Like Layers -- LDHs with Silicate Anions in the Interlayers -- Mixed-Layer Chrysotile-Hydrotalcite -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- COMPUTER MODELLING OF LAYERED DOUBLE HYDROXIDES -- INTRODUCTION -- Computer Modelling as a Technique in Materials Chemistry -- COMPUTER SIMULATION METHODOLOGY -- Background -- Molecular Dynamics Simulations.

Model Construction -- Forcefields -- Simulation Details -- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- Forcefield I -- Mg3Al-LDHs Containing Carbonate, Nitrate or Chloride -- MgAl-LDHs Containing Terephthalate -- Forcefield II -- MgAl-LDH Containing Carbonate -- MgAl-LDH Containing (S)-phenylalanine and (S)-tyrosine -- OTHER LDH SIMULATIONS -- CONCLUDING REMARKS -- REFERENCES -- STUDY OF LAYERED DOUBLE HYDROXIDES BY THERMAL METHODS -- INTRODUCTION -- LAYERED DOUBLE HYDROXIDES WITH VOLATILE, INORGANIC ANIONS -- Carbonate-LDHs with Non-transition Metal Cations -- Removal of Adsorbed Water. -- Removal of Interlayer Water Molecules. -- Decarbonation and Dehydroxylation. -- Carbonate-LDHs with Transition Metal Cations in the Layers -- LDHs with Other Interlayer Inorganic Anions -- LAYERED DOUBLE HYDROXIDES WITH ORGANIC ANIONS -- LAYERED DOUBLE HYDROXIDES WITH PERMANENT INORGANIC ANIONS -- THE SPECIAL CASE OF REDUCTION -- CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- INFRARED AND RAMAN SPECTROSCOPIC STUDIES OF LAYERED DOUBLE HYDROXIDES (LDHS) -- INTRODUCTION -- INFRARED AND RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY -- INFRARED AND NEAR-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY -- INFRARED EMISSION SPECTROSCOPY -- RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY -- FACTOR GROUP ANALYSIS -- THE HYDROXIDE LAYERS -- Mg/Al-LDH -- Replacement of Mg by Other di- and Monovalent Metals in M2+/Al-LDH -- Replacement of Al by Other Trivalent Metals in Mg/M3+-LDH -- Other Combinations di- and Trivalent Metals in LDHs -- SIMPLE INTERLAYER ANIONS -- CO32- -- NO3- -- SO42- -- ClO4- -- INTERLAYER METAL COMPLEXES -- CrO42- -- Fe(II)- and Fe(III)- cyano-complexes -- Vanadates and molybdates -- Phosphates and Phosphonates -- Silicates -- Polyoxometalates -- SOME SELECTED INTERLAYER AND ADSORBED ORGANIC COMPLEXES -- WATER -- INFRARED EMISSION SPECTROSCOPY DURING THE THERMAL TREATMENT OF LDHS -- CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES.

SOLID-STATE NMR AND EPR STUDIES OF HYDROTALCITIES -- INTRODUCTION -- SOLID-STATE NMR: BASIC IDEAS -- NMR Spectra of I=1/2 Nuclei in Solids -- NMR Spectra of I>1/2 (Quadrupolar) Nuclei in Solids -- NMR STUDIES ON LAYERED DOUBLE HYDROXIDES -- 1H -- 2H -- 11B -- 13C -- 15N -- 25Mg -- 27Al -- 29Si -- 31P -- 35Cl -- 51V -- 71Ga -- 77Se -- 119Sn -- EPR STUDIES ON LAYERED DOUBLE HYDROXIDES -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- INVESTIGATING LAYERED DOUBLE HYDROXIDES BY MÖSSBAUER SPECTROSCOPY -- INTRODUCTION -- Cation Ordering in Green Rust and Pyroaurite -- Redox-manipulated Cation Layers -- The Interlayer Space: Bonding and Chemistry of Fe-CN Complexes and Mechanical Properties -- STRUCTURAL CHANGES UPON THERMAL TREATMENT OF LDHS -- CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- SURFACE TEXTURE AND ELECTRON MINCROSCOPY STUDIES OF LAYERED DOUBLE HYDROXIDES -- INTRODUCTION -- HYDROTALCITE AND HYDROTALCITE-LIKE LDHS -- LAYERED DOUBLE HYDROXIDES WITH INTERCALATED POLYOXOMETALATES -- LAYERED DOUBLE HYDROXIDES WITH INTERCALATED HEXACYANOFERRATE COMPLEXES -- CALCINED LDHS -- ELECTRON MICROSCOPY -- CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- PART II: APPLICATIONS -- LAYERED DOUBLE HYDROXIDES IN WATER DECONTAMINATION -- INTRODUCTION -- ADSORPTION OF INORGANIC CONTAMINANTS ON HT AND CHT -- Anionic Species -- Radiactive Anions -- Miscellaneous Species -- ADSORPTION OF ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS ON HT AND CHT -- Aromatic Anions -- Pesticides -- Anionic Surfactants and Dyes -- Natural Humic Substances -- ADSORPTION PROPERTIES OF ORGANOHYDROTALCITES FOR CONTAMINANTS -- Synthesis of OHT -- Interlayer Structure of OHT -- Adsorption of Organic Contaminant -- Adsorption of Inorganic Contaminants -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- APPLICATIONS OF HYDROTALCITE-TYPE ANIONIC CLAYS (LAYERED DOUBLE HYDROXIDES) IN CATALYSIS -- INTRODUCTION -- APPLICATIONS AS CATALYST SUPPORTS.

INTERMEDIATE OR FINE CHEMICAL SYNTHESIS AND ORGANIC REACTIONS -- AIR DECONTAMINATION -- ADVANCES IN NATURAL GAS CONVERSION -- PILLARED OR INTERCALATED HT ANIONIC CLAYS -- CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- HYDROGENATION CATALYSIS BY MIXED OXIDES PREPARED FROM LDHS -- INTRODUCTION: HYDROGENATION REACTIONS -- HYDROGENATION OF UNSATURATED HYDROCARBONS: HYDROGENATION OF ACETYLENE -- Effect of Zn Addition on Ni-based Catalysts. -- Physico-chemical Characterisation Results -- Application to selective hydrogenation of acetylene. -- Influence of the Substitution of Ni by Co or Cu on Ni-Zn-Al Catalysts -- Influence of the Addition of Co or Cu as Catalytic Modifiers and Cr as Structural Modifier to Ni-Zn-Al Catalysts -- Study of Ni-Zn-Al-Cr and Ni-Zn-Al-Fe Catalysts -- Physico-Chemical Characterisation Results -- Application to selective hydrogenation of acetylene -- Conclusions -- HYDROGENATION OF UNSATURATED HETEROCOMPOUNDS -- Hydrogenation of Acetonitriles and Nitro-Compounds -- Hydrogenation of Carbonyl Compounds -- Other Reactions -- CONCLUDING REMARKS -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- LAYERED DOUBLE HYDROXIDES AND THEIR INTERCALATION COMPOUNDS IN PHOTO-CHEMISTRY AND IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY -- INTRODUCTION -- PHOTOPHYSICAL AND PHOTOCHEMICAL PROCESSES IN A CONSTRAINED MEDIA -- SYNTHETIC STRATEGIES TO OBTAIN INTERCALATION COMPOUND AND COMPOSITE LDH-CHROMOPHORES -- LDH - ANIONIC DYE INTERCALATION COMPOUNDS AND THEIR FLUORESCENCE PROPERTIES -- LDH INTERCALATES CONTAINING LUMINESCENT INORGANIC COMPLEXES AND THEIR PHOTOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES -- PORPHYRIN AND PHTALOCYANINE-LDH INTERCALATION COMPOUNDS AND THEIR PHOTO REACTIVITY -- OTHER LDH-COMPOSITES WITH PHOTOLUMINESCENCE AND NON LINEAR OPTIC PROPERTIES -- ORGANIC PHOTOCHEMISTRY INSIDE THE LDH INTERLAYER REGION -- LDHS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY AND IN PHARMACEUTICAL FORMULATIONS.

Antacid and Anti-Pepsin Activity of Hydrotalcite Formulations.