WOODLANDS: ECOLOGY, MANAGEMENT AND CONSERVATION -- WOODLANDS: ECOLOGY, MANAGEMENT AND CONSERVATION -- Contents -- Preface -- Colonization of Post-Agricultural Black Alder (Alnus Glutinosa (L.) Gaertn.) Woods by Woodland Flora -- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland -- Abstract -- Introduction -- The History of Forests of Southwestern Poland -- Characteristics of Alder-Dominated Woodlands -- Recovery of Herbaceous Layer in Recent Alder Woods -- Field Methods and Data Analyses -- Results -- Conclusion -- References -- Diversity Patterns, Adult Resource Use and Conservation of Butterfly Communities in and around a Primeval Woodland of Mount Fuji, Central Japan -- Department of Animal Ecology, Yamanashi Institute of Environmental Sciences (YIES), Kenmarubi, Fujiyoshida, Yamanashi, Japan -- Abstract -- 1. General Introduction -- 2. Diversity Patterns and Rare Species Hotspots of Butterfly Communities in and around a Primeval Woodland of Mount Fuji -- 2.1. Intoduction -- 2.2. Methods -- Study Sites -- Census Method -- Data Analysis -- 2.3. Results -- Community Indices and Species Vulnerable to Extinction at Each Site -- Differences in Species Composition among the Landscape Types -- Relationship between Butterfly Species Richness and voltinism, Larval Host-Plant Type and Plant Species Richness -- Relationship between Species Richness and Diversity and Species Vulnerable to Extinction -- Ordination of Butterfly Communities -- Characteristics of Site-Specific Species -- 2.4. Discussion -- Diversity, Structure and Hotspots of Butterfly Communities -- Conservation Implications for Butterfly Diversity and Rarity -- 3. Relationship of Butterfly Diversity with Nectar Plant Species Richness in and around a Primeval Woodland of Mount Fuji -- 3.1. Introduction.

3.2. Materials and Methods -- Study Sites -- Census Methods -- Data Analysis -- 3.3. Results -- Vegetation and Adult Nectar Plants -- Butterfly Communities and Adult Nectar Plants -- 3.4. Discussion -- Resource Utilization Patterns of Adult Butterflies -- Relationship between Vegetation and Adult Nectar Plants -- Relationship between Butterfly Diversity and Adult Nectar Plants, and Conservation Implications -- Concluding Remarks -- 4.1. Butterfly Diversity Patterns in and around Temperate Primeval Woodland -- 4.2. Adult Resource Abundance Explains the Butterfly Diversity Patterns in and around Temperate Primeval Woodland -- 4.3. Implications for Conservation and Management of Butterflies Living in and around Temperate Primeval Woodland -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Appendix I. List of butterfly species observed in the present study, their population densities, and their characteristics (Kitahara and Watanabe, 2003) -- Guidelines For Sustainable Management of Degraded Lands: Experiences on Caatinga and Semi-arid Mediterranean Woodlands -- 1. Departamento de Ingeniería Forestal, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales. Edificio Leonardo da Vinci. Córdoba 14071, Spain -- 2. Department of Forest Science -- Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Rua Manoel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil -- 3. Department of Zootechnics -- Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Rua Manoel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Environmental Conditions -- Brazilian Semi-Arid Area -- Mediterranean Semi-Arid Area -- Cultural Evolution -- Brazilian Semi-Arid Area -- a) Long Term -- b) Short Term -- Mediterranean Semi-Arid Area -- a) Long Term -- b) Short Term -- Global Change and Current Trends -- Brazilian Semi-Arid Area -- Mediterranean Semi-Arid Area.

Woodland Management Alternatives -- Afforestation or Reforestation Practices -- Soil Erosion -- Grazing Resource -- Mycorrhizae Association -- Conclusions -- References -- Partial Harvesting in Old-Growth Boreal Forests and the Preservation of Animal Diversity from Ants to Woodland Caribou -- 1. Département de biologie, NSERC-Université Laval industrial research chair in silviculture and wildlife, Laval University, Québec, Canada -- 2. Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Laurentian Forestry Centre, Québec, Canada -- 3. Département des sciences du bois et de la forêt, NSERC-Université Laval industrial research chair in silviculture and wildlife, Université Laval, Québec, Canada -- 4. Direction de l'expertise sur la faune et ses habitats, Ministère des Ressources naturelles et de la Faune, Québec, Canada -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Study Area -- Methods -- Estimation of Ant Abundance -- Estimation of Beetle Abundance -- Estimation of the Occurrence Probability and Abundance of Bird Species -- Evaluation of Habitat Use by Snowshoe Hare -- Evaluation of Habitat Selection by Moose and Caribou -- Results -- Ants -- Beetles -- Forest Birds -- Snowshoe Hare -- Moose and Woodland Caribou -- Discussion -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Ecology and Management of Natural and Reforested Canary Island Pine Stands -- 1. Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL). La Laguna (Tenerife), España -- 2. Departamento de Geografía, Facultad de Geografía e Historia, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC). Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, España -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Extension of the Pine Forest -- Reforestation and Management -- Natural Disturbances: Wildfires -- Exotic Pine Species -- Phylogeny and Gene Pool -- Conclusion -- References.

A Landscape History Approach to the Assessment of Ancient Woodlands -- Professor of Environmental Geography, Sheffield Hallam University, -- City Campus, Sheffield, S1 1WB, UK -- Abstract -- Evidencing Ancient Woodlands and the Use of Indicators -- Ancient Woodland Inventories -- Robust Methodologies -- Main types of evidence of 'ancient' woodland and continuity of woodland cover -- Indicators and Their Use -- The Importance of Ancient and Veteran Trees in Woodland -- Indicators of Woods -- What are the Critical Attributes of a Botanical Indicator Species? -- How Ancient Woodland Botanical Indicator Species are Determined -- How Ancient Woodland Botanical Indicator Species are Used -- Intelligent interrogation -- Some Conclusions -- What is Ancient Woodland and Why Conserve it? -- References -- Miombo Woodland Productivity: The Potential Contribution to Carbon Sequestration and Payment for Environmental Services in East and Southern Africa -- 1. School of Natural Resources, Copperbelt University, Kitwe, Zambia -- 2. University of Pretoria, Forestry Chair, Postgraduate Studies, Lynwood Rd, Pretoria, South Africa -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Distribution and Importance of the Miombo Ecoregion -- 3. Land Use Systems, Woodland Productivity and Carbon Sequestration Potential -- 3.1. Land Use Systems and Associated Impacts on Miombo Woodlands -- 3.2. Woodland Recovery, Productivity and Carbon Sequestration Potential -- 3.3. Mechanisms of Carbon Storage and Loss in Woodlands -- 3.3.1. Carbon Loss and Storage -- 3.3.3. Managing Miombo Woodlands for Carbon Sequestration and Climate Change Mitigation -- Regeneration and Coppice Enhancement and Management -- Agroforestry, Soil Management and Climate Change Mitigation -- 4. Payment for Environmental Services, Carbon Markets and Rural Livelihoods -- 4.1. Payment for Environmental Services.

4.3. Carbon Markets and Rural Livelihoods -- Conclusion -- References -- British Bluebells: The Potential of Using a Protected Species as a Provider of Fine Chemicals to Enhance its Conservation -- School of Chemistry, Bangor University, Bangor, LL57 2UW, United Kingdom and Vera Bluebell limited, Ty Newydd Clegir, Llanberis, LL55 4EH, United Kingdom -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Site Observations -- Bluebell Seed Chemistry -- Bluebell Conservation -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- African Management of Woodland* -- University of Liverpool, School of History, Liverpool, United Kingdom -- Introduction -- Pre-colonial Population Settlement -- The Multiple Uses of Gusu -- Indigenous Forest Conservation -- Conclusions -- Notes -- Index.