AQUATIC ANIMALS -- AQUATIC ANIMALS -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- ACOUSTIC ECOLOGY OF PINNIPEDS IN POLAR HABITATS -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- What is Acoustic Ecology? -- POLAR REGIONS -- SUB POLAR REGIONS -- POLAR REGIONS AS HABITAT FOR PINNIPEDS -- Adaptations for Life in An Ice Habitat -- Different Species Use Different Ice Types -- The Role of Vocalizations for Polar Pinnipeds -- POLAR PINNIPED ACOUSTIC ECOLOGY -- Impact of Ice on the Acoustic Environment -- Seasonal Variation in the Biotic Soundscape and Inter-Specific Competition for Acoustic Space -- Territoriality in an Unstable Environment -- ENVIRONMENTAL THREATS -- Habitat Modification -- Ecosystem Alteration -- Stresses to Body Condition and Health -- Increased Human Interactions -- CASE STUDY: ARCTIC PINNIPEDS -- Acoustic Data: Bering Sea -- Acoustic Activity of Arctic Pinnipeds in Relation to Ice Conditions -- Inter-Specific Vocal Comparison of Arctic Pinnipeds -- CASE STUDY: ANTARCTIC PINNIPEDS -- Acoustic Data: PALAOA -- Acoustic Activity of Antarctic Pinnipeds in Relation to Ice Conditions -- CONCLUSION -- What Can We Learn by Taking a Bi-Polar/Comparative Approach? -- Outlook -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- Reviewed by -- REFERENCES -- IMMUNOTOXICOLOGICAL REACTIVITY OF HEMOCYTE OF JUVENILE MUDCRAB OF SUNDARBANS BIOSPHERE RESERVE OF INDIA -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- MATERIALS AND METHODS -- 1. Collection, Transportation and Maintenance of S. Serrata -- 2. Treatment with Sodium Arsenite -- 3. Collection of Hemolymph -- 4. Testing of Cell Viability -- 5. Determination of Total Hemocyte Count (THC) -- 6. Aggregation Assay -- 7. Non-Self Surface Adhesion Assay -- 8. Assay of Phagocytic Response Under the Challenged Yeast -- 9. Activity of Superoxide Anion (O2-) -- 10. Activity of Nitric Oxide (NO) -- 11. Activity of Phenoloxidase (PO) -- 12. Estimation of Protein -- 13. Statistical Analyses.

RESULT AND DISCUSSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENT -- REFERENCES -- THE POTENTIAL THREAT OF GENOTOXIC METALS TO MARINE MAMMAL HEALTH: A CASE STUDY OF CHROMIUM TOXICITY IN TOOTHED AND BALEEN WHALES -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- MATERIALS AND METHODS -- Biopsy Collection -- Development of Whale Cell Lines -- Cr(VI) Compounds -- Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectroscopy -- Measuring Cell Death -- Measuring Clastogenicity -- RESULTS -- Determining Cr in Levels in Whale Skin -- Evaluating the Toxicity of Cr to Cetaceans -- Toxicity Context from the Cr Literature -- Toxicity Context from Whale Cell Culture Studies -- Cr Cytotoxicity Studies in Whale Cells -- Cr Genotoxicity Studies in Whale Cells -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- HYALELLA GENUS: ANTHROPOGENIC THREATS TO A BIOINDICATOR -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- OBJECTIVE -- Hyalella Genus and Chemical Stressors -- Biomarkers as Means of Assessing the Toxicity -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- THE AROMATIC HYDROCARBON RECEPTOR MEDIATED CYTOCHROME P450 1A INDUCTION IN AQUATIC ANIMALS: BIOMONITORING OF ORGANIC POLLUTION IN AN AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. CYTOCHROME P450 - ORIGIN AND EVOLUTION -- 3. MECHANISM OF CYTOCHROMEP 450 -- 4. CYTOCHROME P450 IN AQUATIC ORGANISMS -- 5. CATALYTIC CYCLE OF CYP450 AND MONOOXYGENASE REACTION -- 6. CYP450 MEDIATED XENOBIOTIC (BENZO(A)PYRENE) METABOLISM IN AQUATIC ORGANISMS -- 7. AROMATIC HYDROCARBON RECEPTOR (AHR) AND ITS MECHANISM -- 8. AHR IN AQUATIC ORGANISMS -- 9. CYP1A AS A BIOMARKER TO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION -- 10. FUTURE DIRECTIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- ROLE OF BACTERIA IN THE CHILLED STORAGE AND CRYOPRESERVATION OF SPERM IN AQUATIC ANIMALS: A REVIEW -- ABSTRACT -- 1. A SHORT OVERVIEW OF THEORY ON CHILLED STORED- AND CRYOPRESERVED SPERM -- 1.1. Sperm Quality -- 1.2. Short-Term Storage of Sperm -- 1.3. Long-Term Storage of Sperm.

2. BACTERIAL CONTAMINATION IN THE CHILLED STORED- AND CRYOPRESERVED SPERM -- 2.1. Occurrence of Bacteria in Aquatic Animals -- 2.2. Type and Number of Bacteria in Sperms of Aquatic Animals -- 2.3. Bacterial Profiles in the Chilled Stored Sperm/ Spermatophores of Aquatic Animals -- 2.3.1. Effect of Extenders on Bacterial Profiles in the Chilled Storage Process -- 2.3.2. Role of Contaminated Bacteria in Chilled Storage Process -- 2.3.3. Effect of Antibiotics on Contaminated Bacteria in Chilled Stored Sperm -- 2.4. Bacterial Profiles in Cryopreserved Sperm/ Spermatophores of Aquatic Animals -- 2.4.1. Change in Bacterial Flora of Cryopreserved Sperm/Spermatophores During Storage in Liquid Nitrogen -- 3. BIOSECURITY AND RISK ASSESSMENT OF CRYOPRESERVED SPERM -- 4. CONCLUDING REMARKS AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- INDEX.