ANTARCTICA: THE MOST INTERACTIVE ICE-AIR-OCEAN ENVIRONMENT -- ANTARCTICA: THE MOST INTERACTIVE ICE-AIR-OCEAN ENVIRONMENT -- CONTENTS -- FOREWORD -- PREFACE -- ABOUT THE EDITORS -- CONTRIBUTORS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- Chapter 1 ANTARCTICA: CONTINENT DEDICATED TO SCIENCE -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- WHAT IS ALL HIDDEN IN ANTARCTICA? -- THE FASCINATING CONTINENT -- IDEAL PLACE FOR SCIENTIFIC INVENTIONS -- LIFE IN EXTREME ENVIRONMENT -- WHO OWNS ANTARCTICA? -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 2 AN INSIGHT INTO THE OCEAN-ICE-AIR INTERACTIONS OVER THE EAST ANTARCTIC MARINE BOUNDARY LAYER: UNIQUE PHENOMENA -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. INTERACTION BETWEEN THE MAIN ANTARCTIC CONTINENT AND THE SOUTHERN OCEAN -- 3. SODAR MEASUREMENTS -- 4. BASIC PLANETARY BOUNDARY LAYER STRUCTURES -- 4.1 Surface Based Inversion (Stable Atmospheric Structure) -- 4.2. Thermal Convection -- 4.3. Elevated Layers / Inversions -- 5. NORMAL ATMOSPHERIC PHENOMENA -- 6. UNUSUAL PLANETARY BOUNDARY LAYER PHENOMENA -- 6.1. Prolonged Persistence of Thermal Convection -- 6.1.1. Discussion -- 6.2. The Rising Layer -- 6.2.1. Discussion -- CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 3 LAND-ICE-AIR-OCEAN INTERACTIONS IN THE SCHIRMACHER OASIS, EAST ANTARCTICA -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. MATERIAL AND METHODS -- 2.1. Atmospheric Measurements -- 2.2. Ecological Samples Collection and Analysis -- 2.3. Sampling Techniques -- 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- 3.1. Structure and Function of the SO Ecosystem -- 3.2. Biotic (Living Matter) -- 3.2.1. Producers -- 3.2.2. Consumers -- 3.2.2.1. Primary Consumers -- 3.2.2.2. Secondary Consumers -- 3.2.3. Decomposers -- 3.3. Food Chain and Food Web -- 3.4. Characteristics of SO Community -- 3.4.1. Frequency Distribution -- 3.4.2. Plant Biomass (Standing Crop) -- 3.5. Abiotic Component (Standing State).

3.5.1. Physicochemical Analysis of Waters and Soils Samples: -- 3.5.2. pH, Dissolved Oxygen and Conductivity -- 3.5.3. Ammonia, Phosphate, Nitrate and Nitrite -- 3.5.4. Calcium, Magnesium, Chloride Content and Chlorophyll a -- 3.5.5. Organic Carbon and Sediment Organism Density -- 3.5.6. Enzyme Activity (Dehydrogenase Activity) -- 3.6. Climatic Parameters of SO Ecosystem -- 3.6.1. Temperature -- 3.6.2. Atmospheric Pressure -- 3.6.3. Wind Velocity and Direction -- 3.6.4. Humidity and Precipitation -- 3.6.5. Solar Radiation (Direct and Diffused) -- 3.6.6. UV-B Radiation -- 3.6.7. Snow -- 3.6.8. Energy Balance and Water Relations, Dew Formation, Fog and Hoarfrost -- 3.6.9. Thermal Convection -- 4. CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 4 EFFECTS OF UV-B RADIATIONS ON TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEM OF ANTARCTICA AND THEIR DEFENSE MECHANISMS -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- OZONE DEPLETION AND ULTRAVIOLET RADIATIONS -- ANTARCTIC FLORA AND THEIR PIGMENTS -- LICHENS -- BRYOPHYTES -- ALGAE -- FUNGI -- HIGHER PLANTS -- Ultraviolet Radiations and Adaptations in Plants -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 5 ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION STRESS: RESPONSE AND PROTECTIVE STRATEGIES OF ANTARCTIC FLORA -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. DISTRIBUTION OF ANTARCTIC FLORA -- 3. OZONE LOSS IN SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE -- 4. EFFECTS OF UV-B RADIATIONS ON PLANTS -- 5. PLANTS PROTECTION MECHANISM -- 5.1. UV Absorbing Compounds -- 6. PROTECTION FROM UV-B INDUCED DNA DAMAGE IN THE DESICCATED STATE -- 7. DNA DAMAGE BY UV-B RADIATIONS AND REPAIR MECHANISM -- 7.1. DNA Repair Mechanisms -- 7.2. Photo Reactivation -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 6 ANTARCTIC MOSSES, LIMITING FACTORS AND THEIR DISTRIBUTION -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- HISTORY OF ANTARCTIC BOTANY -- ANTARCTIC BRYOPHYTES AND THEIR DISTRIBUTION -- Amblystegiaceae -- Andreaeaceae -- Bartramiaceae -- Brachytheciaceae.

Bryaceae -- Dicranaceae -- Ditrichaceae -- Encalyptaceae -- Grammiaceae -- Hypnaceae -- Meesiaceae -- Orthotrichaceae -- Plagiotheciaceae -- Polytrichaceae -- Pottiaceae -- Seligeraceae -- ANTARCTIC AQUATIC MOSSES -- SURVIVAL OF MOSSES AND LIMITING FACTORS -- 1. Survival of Mosses under UV-B Radiations -- 2. Low Temperature and Photosynthesis in Antarctic Mosses -- 3. Antarctic Mosses under Changing Water Availability -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 7 AFFINITIES OF LICHEN FLORA OF INDIAN SUBCONTINENT VIS-À-VIS ANTARCTIC AND SCHIRMACHER OASIS -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- MATERIALS AND METHODS -- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- Distribution Pattern of Antarctic Lichens -- Lichen Flora of Schirmacher Oasis, East Antarctica -- Affinities of Indian Lichen Flora with Lichens of SO and Antarctica -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 8 WATER RELATION OF SOME COMMON LICHENS OCCURRING IN SCHIRMACHER OASIS, E. ANTARCTICA -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- MATERIALS AND METHODS -- Lichen Habitat and Species Selection -- Water Holding Capacity -- Water Potential (Ψ) Measurement and Pressure Volume (PV) Curve -- RESULTS -- DISCUSSION -- CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 9 SOLAR WIND INFLUENCE ON ATMOSPHERIC PROCESSES IN WINTER ANTARCTICA -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- IMF VARIATIONS AS A DETERMINING FACTOR FOR THE CLOUDINESS ABOVE VOSTOK -- A DISTINCTIVE FEATURES OF THE ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION ABOVE ANTARCTICA -- SUDDEN WARMINGS IN THE CENTRAL ANTARCTIC AND THEIR RELATION TO THE DISTURBED SOLAR WIND -- Impact of the Disturbed Solar Wind on Atmospheric Pressure -- ANOMALOUS WINDS AT THE ANTARCTIC STATIONS AND THEIR RELATION TO THE IMF BZ -- SOI AND ITS RELATION TO ANOMALOUS WIND SYSTEM IN ANTARCTICA -- MECHANISMS SUGGESTED TO EXPLAIN THE SOLAR WIND INFLUENCE ON THE ATMOSPHERIC PROCESSES -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES.

Chapter 10 ATMOSPHERIC OBSERVATIONS AT DOME C, ANTARCTIC PLATEAU, ONE OF THE COLDEST PLACE IN THE WORLD -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. SITE AND INSTRUMENTATION -- 3. THE CLIMATOLOGICAL SETTING -- 4. BEHAVIOUR OF SOME METEOROLOGICAL PARAMETERS -- 4.1. Wind Speed -- 4.2. Temperature -- 4.3. Sensible Heat Flux -- 5. ANALYSIS OF RADIATIVE BUDGET -- 6. BOUNDARY LAYER STRUCTURE DURING THE YEAR -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 11 IMPACT OF INDIVIDUAL RESPONSIBILITY IN CHANGING GLOBAL WARMING? -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- Important Observable Facts -- Some Mathematical Derivations -- How the Above Points Would Be Realistic and How This May Be Controlled? -- ALTERNATIVE CONCEPT -- BASELESS COUNTER ARGUMENTS -- CONCLUSION AND ENTROPY RELATED FUNCTIONS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 12 NAVIGATION WITH GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM IN ANTARCTIC CIRCLE -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- AURORA -- MEASUREMENT OF AURORA -- Ground-Based Measurement -- Satellite-Based Measurement -- EXPERIMENTAL SETUP AND METHODOLOGY -- REAL TIME KINEMATIC POSITIONING -- Kalman Filter -- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- GPS POSITIONAL SOLUTION IN ACTIVE AURORA -- GPS POSITIONAL SOLUTION IN QUIET AURORA -- STATISTICAL STUDY OF POSITIONAL ERROR -- SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- INDEX -- Blank Page.