AFRICOM: SECURITY,DEVELOPMENT, ANDHUMANITARIAN FUNCTIONS -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- AFRICOM'S DILEMMA:THE "GLOBAL WAR ON TERRORISM,""CAPACITY BUILDING,"HUMANITARIANISM, AND THE FUTURE OFU.S. SECURITY POLICY IN AFRICA* -- FOREWORD -- BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH OF THE AUTHOR -- SUMMARY -- INTRODUCTION -- Background -- Promises and Reservations -- AGGREGATION AND DISAGGREGATION -- TRANSNATIONAL ISLAMIST TERRORISM AND AFRICA -- Religion -- Poverty and Disease -- CASE STUDY: THE SAHEL, THE GSPC, AND OEF-TS -- Islam and North Africa -- Local Factors -- The GSPC, the Sahel, and al-Qaeda -- The GSPC and the GWOT -- CASE STUDY: SOMALIA, AL QAEDA, AND CJTF-HOA -- Security in the Horn -- Somalia and the Failed State/Terrorism Nexus -- CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- AFRICA COMMAND:U.S. STRATEGIC INTERESTS AND THEROLE OF THE U.S. MILITARY IN AFRICA* -- SUMMARY -- ISSUES FOR CONGRESS -- THE DOD PROPOSAL FOR A NEW AFRICA COMMANDCHANGES TO THE UNIFIED COMMAND PLAN -- COMBATANT COMMAND "PLUS"? -- INTERAGENCY COORDINATION -- STRUCTURE AND FOOTPRINT -- Headquarters Location. -- Assistance -- Manpower. -- U.S. STRATEGIC INTERESTS IN AFRICA -- Africa and the Unified Command Plan -- CURRENT U.S. NATIONAL SECURITY STRATEGY TOWARDAFRICA -- Oil and Global Trade. -- Maritime Security. -- Armed Conflicts. -- Terror. -- HIV/AIDS. -- U.S. MILITARY ASSISTANCE AND SECURITY COOPERATIONIN AFRICA: AN EXPANDING ROLE -- Combined Joint Task Force: Horn of Africa (CJTF-HOA). -- SECURITY ASSISTANCE -- Operation Enduring Freedom: Trans Sahara (OEF-TS)/Trans SaharaCounter-Terrorism Partnership (TSCTP). -- International Military Education and Training (IMET). -- The African Contingency Operations Training and Assistance Program(ACOTA)/ Global Peace Operations Initiative (GPOI). -- REGIONAL PERSPECTIVES -- CONGRESSIONAL INTEREST AND OVERSIGHT ISSUES -- RELATED CRS REPORTS.

APPENDIX 1. HISTORY OF U.S. MILITARYINVOLVEMENT IN AFRICA -- APPENDIX 2: INSTANCES OF THE USE OF U.S. ARMEDFORCES IN AFRICA, 1950-2006115 -- APPENDIX 3: ACRONYMS -- TESTIMONY BEFORE THE SUBCOMMITTEE ONNATIONAL SECURITY AND FOREIGN AFFAIRS,COMMITTEE ON OVERSIGHT ANDGOVERNMENT REFORM, HOUSE OFREPRESENTATIVES*: AFRICOM: JOINED-UP GEOGRAPHICCOMMAND OR FEDERAL BUSINESSOPPORTUNITY? -- INTRODUCTION -- COMBATANT COMMAND OR CONTRACTED COMMAND? -- THE "INTERAGENCY" ISSUE -- CONCLUSION -- STATEMENT BEFORE THE U.S. HOUSE OFREPRESENTATIVES COMMITTEE ONOVERSIGHT AND GOVERNMENT REFORM,SUBCOMMITTEE ON NATIONAL SECURITYAND FOREIGN AFFAIRS: "AFRICOM: VISION AND PROSPECTS"* -- FIRST, WHAT IS THE STRATEGIC VISION DRIVING THECREATION OF AFRICOM AND HOW HAS IT EVOLVED? -- SECOND, WHAT ARE THE CURRENT AND FUTURE MISSIONSPLANNED FOR AFRICOM? WHAT TYPE OF SOFT POWERMANDATE DOES IT HAVE? -- THIRD, TO THE EXTENT AFRICOM IS NOT THE MODELFOR A "WHOLE OF GOVERNMENT" APPROACH, WHAT IS? -- AFRICA COMMAND: TESTIMONY BEFORE THE HOUSE OFREPRESENTATIVES COMMITTEE ONOVERSIGHT AND GOVERNMENT REFORM(HOGR)* -- INTRODUCTION -- STRENGTHENING OUR RELATIONSHIPS WITH AFRICANS -- USAFRICOM' S INNOVATIONS -- AFRICOM MYTHS VERSUS REALITY -- CONCLUSION -- COMMITTEE ON OVERSIGHT ANDGOVERNMENT REFORM, SUBCOMMITTEE ONNATIONAL SECURITY AND FOREIGN AFFAIRS: AFRICOM: RATIONALES, ROLES, ANDPROGRESS ON THE EVE OF OPERATIONS* -- Fix the broken interagency. -- Fix the State Department's African Affairs Bureau. -- Play to AFRICOM's core strengths and seize newopportunities. -- (i) Redouble our efforts to strengthen and professionalize Africanmilitaries. -- (ii) Build African peacekeeping capacities - and tie to the AfricanUnion and United Nations peace operations. -- (iii) Integrate AFRICOM into priority post-conflictreconstruction. -- (iv) Make a big push on maritime security.

(v) Focus on Africa's food crisis. -- (vi) Make public health a priority. -- [4] Address terror threats through a more focused, realisticapproach. -- [5] Demonstrate AFRICOM's value-added to Africa's key emergingcrises. -- [6] Engage the Chinese. -- TESTIMONY BEFORE THE HOUSE OFREPRESENTATIVES COMMITTEE ONOVERSIGHT AND GOVERNMENT REFORM(HOGR)* -- INTRODUCTION -- AFRICOM -- THE SIXTH FLEET -- CONCLUSION -- STATEMENT OFAMBASSADOR MARY C. YATES, DEPARTMENTOF STATE DEPUTY TO THE COMMANDER FORCIVIL-MILITARY ACTIVITIES, UNITEDSTATES AFRICA COMMANDANDMAJOR GENERAL MICHAEL A. SNODGRASS,U.S. AIR FORCE CHIEF OF STAFF, UNITEDSTATES AFRICA COMMAND* -- INDEX.