VISUAL CORTEX:ANATOMY, FUNCTIONSAND INJURIES -- NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH PROGRESS -- NEUROLOGY - LABORATORY ANDCLINICAL RESEARCH DEVELOPMENTS -- LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOGING-IN-PUBLICATION DATA -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- BIOPHYSICAL MECHANISMS UNDERLYINGTHE CRITICAL PERIOD OF VISUALCORTICAL PLASTICITY:A MODELING STUDY -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. METHODS -- 2.1. Neuron Model -- 2.2. Synaptic Currents -- 2.3. Ca2+ Dynamics in the Spine -- 2.4. Ca2+-Dependent Plasticity Model -- 2.5. Synaptic Modification by using Random Inputs -- 2.6. Activity - and Subunit-Dependent Modulation of NMDARs -- 2.7. STDP Map -- 3. RESULTS -- 3.1. NMDAR-Mediated Modulation of STDP -- 3.2. Synaptic Distribution Regulated by NMDARs and GABA -- 3.3. Correlation-Based Competition Regulated byNMDARs and GABA -- 4. DISCUSSION -- 4.1. Role of NMDARs and GABA in Developmental Plasticity -- 4.2. Ca2+ Signaling in STDP Mediated by NMDARs -- ACKNOWLEDGMENT -- REFERENCES -- ELECTROPHYSIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OFTHE HUMAN VISUAL SYSTEM -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF THE PARALLELVISUAL PATHWAYS -- 2.1. The Parallel Visual Pathways -- 2.2. Ventral Stream -- 2.2.1. P-Blob Pathway -- 2.2.2. P-Interblob Pathway -- 2.3. Dorsal Stream -- 2.3.1. Ventro-Dorsal Pathway -- 2.3.2. Dorso-Dorsal Pathway -- 3. THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE PARALLEL VISUALPATHWAYS AND HIGHER-LEVEL VISUAL DYSFUNCTIONS -- 3.1. Dysfunction of the Ventral Stream -- 3.2. Dysfunction of the Dorsal Stream -- 4. ELECTROPHYSIOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES TOEVALUATE PARALLEL PROCESSING -- 4.1. VEP Technique for Testing Lower-LevelVentral (P-) and Dorsal (M-) Pathways -- 4.2. ERP Technique for TestingHigher-Level Ventral Pathway -- 4.3. ERP Technique for Testing Higher Level of the Dorsal Pathway -- 5. CLINICAL APPLICATIONS OF VEPS AND ERPS -- 5.1. Dysfunction of the Ventral Stream.

5.2. Dysfunction of the Dorsal Stream -- 6. CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- PLASTICITY OF VISUAL CORTICALCIRCUITRIES IN ADULTHOOD -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- Neural Circuitries Formation Relies on a Tight Interactionbetween Genes and Environment -- Visual Cortical Plasticity: A Classic Neurobiological Model -- Modifications of Neural Circuitries in Adult Life -- PHYSIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS UNDERLYINGPLASTICITYIN THE VISUAL SYSTEM -- Inhibitory Processes Regulate the Time-Course of the CriticalPeriod in the Visual System -- Experience-Dependent Retinogeniculocortical Transfer of Otx2 -- Plasticity Involves the Remodeling of ExtracellularMatrix Components -- The Maturation of IntracorticalMyelination Down-Regulates Plasticity -- Neurotrophic Factors Drive Experience-DependentForms of Plasticity -- Neurotransmission Mediated by NMDA-TypeGlutamate Receptors (NMDARs) -- MODIFICATIONS OF SYNAPTIC TRANSMISSION IN THEVISUAL CORTEX -- METAPLASTICITY: MECHANISMS THATREGULATE SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY -- STRUCTURAL CHANGES ASSOCIATED WITHEXPERIENCE-DEPENDENT SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY -- EPIGENETIC REGULATION OF ADULT VISUALCORTICAL PLASTICITY -- Chromatin-Modifying Processes RestoreAdult Visual Cortical Plasticity -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- THE VISUAL CORTEX IN ALZHEIMER'SDISEASE: LAMINAR DISTRIBUTION OF THEPATHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN VISUAL AREASV1 AND V2 -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- PATHOLOGY OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (AD) -- General Features -- Histological Features -- VISUAL CHANGES IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE -- Visual Acuity -- Colour Vision -- Contrast Sensitivity -- Critical Flicker Fusion FrequencyThreshold and Visual Masking -- Visual Fields -- Pupillary Function -- Eye Movements -- Electrophysiology -- Complex Visual Functions -- Visual Hallucinations -- THE VISUAL CORTEX IN AD -- Objectives -- MATERIALS AND METHODS -- Cases -- Histological Methods.

Identification of Visual Areas -- Quantifying the Pathological Features -- Statistical Analysis -- LAMINAR DISTRIBUTION OF THE SP AND NFT INV1 AND V2 -- CORRELATIONS WITH AGE,DISEASE ONSET AND DURATION -- CORRELATIONS BETWEEN SP AND NFT IN AREASV1 AND V2 -- Does the Pathology Spread between Visual Cortical Areas? -- Which Aspects of Visual Processing AreLikely to Be Affected in AD? -- CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- A VISUAL COMPUTATIONAL MODEL AND ITSNEURAL COMPUTATION BASED ON INNERPRODUCT IN THE PRIMARYVISUAL CORTEX -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. COMPUTATIONAL MODEL OF VISION -- 2.1. Multi-scale Representation -- 2.2. Synchronized Response in Visual Cortex -- 2.3. Optimum Detection in V1 -- 2.4. The Whole Matching between the RetinalImage and Receptive Field Patterns in V1 -- 2.5. Determination of Integral Kernel Function -- 2.6. Division of Visual Image -- 3. NUMERICAL SIMULATION -- 4. DISCUSSION -- 5. A BRIEF SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS -- APPENDIX -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- NOTE -- REFERENCES -- BIOLUMINESCENCE IMAGING OF ARCEXPRESSION DETECTS ACTIVITYDEPENDENTAND PLASTIC CHANGES IN THEVISUAL CORTEX OF ADULT MICE -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. NEURONAL IMMEDIATE-EARLY GENE ARC -- 3. GENERATION OF NOVEL MOUSE STRAIN TO DETECTEXPRESSION OF ARC -- 4. BIOLUMINESCENCE IMAGING OF ARC EXPRESSION INTHE VISUAL CORTEX -- 5. DETECTION OF PLASTIC CHANGES IN ARC EXPRESSIONIN THE VISUAL CORTEX OF ADULT MICE -- 6. COMPARISONS OF ARC IMAGING METHODS -- CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- MOLECULAR SIGNATURES OF PARALLELPATHWAYS IN THE VISUAL THALAMUS -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- THE FEATURES OF THE LGN FOR UNCOVERINGPATHWAY-SPECIFIC GENES -- Magnocellular Enriched Genes -- Koniocellular Enriched Genes -- FUTURE DIRECTIONS -- CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- INDEX.