UNITED NATIONS PEACEKEEPING IN THE 21ST CENTURY -- UNITED NATIONS PEACEKEEPING IN THE 21ST CENTURY -- LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOGING-IN-PUBLICATION DATA -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- Chapter 1: UNITED NATIONS PEACEKEEPING: CHALLENGES OBTAINING NEEDED RESOURCES COULD LIMIT FURTHER LARGE DEPLOYMENTS AND SHOULD BE ADDRESSED IN U.S. REPORTS TO CONGRESS -- WHY GAO DID THIS STUDY -- WHAT GAO RECOMMENDS -- WHAT GAO FOUND -- ABBREVIATIONS -- RESULTS IN BRIEF -- BACKGROUND -- UN PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS HAVE EVOLVED INTO LARGE, COMPLEX OPERATIONS CONCENTRATED IN LESS DEVELOPED COUNTRIES -- A POTENTIAL NEW UN OPERATION WOULD LIKELY REQUIRE SIGNIFICANT RESOURCES -- THE UN WOULD LIKELY FACE DIFFICULTY IN OBTAINING TROOPS, POLICE, CIVILIANS, AND LOGISTICS NEEDED FOR THE POTENTIAL NEW OPERATION -- THE UNITED STATES HAS PROVIDED ASSISTANCE TO UN PEACEKEEPING, BUT REPORTING TO CONGRESS PROVIDES LIMITED INFORMATION ABOUT GAPS BETWEEN AUTHORIZED AND DEPLOYED FORCE LEVELS -- CONCLUSION -- RECOMMENDATION FOR EXECUTIVE ACTION -- AGENCY COMMENTS AND OUR EVALUATION -- APPENDIX I: OBJECTIVES, SCOPE, AND METHODOLOGY -- APPENDIX II: METHODOLOGY FOR IDENTIFYING POTENTIAL NEW PEACEKEEPING OPERATION REQUIREMENTS -- APPENDIX III: COMMENTS FROM THE DEPARTMENT OF STATE -- APPENDIX IV: COMMENTS FROM THE UNITED NATIONS -- GAO COMMENTS -- APPENDIX V: ONGOING UN PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS, AS OF SEPTEMBER 2008 -- APPENDIX VI: MILITARY CAPABILITIES REQUIRED BY UN PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS, AS OF NOVEMBER 2008 -- Chapter 2: UNITED NATIONS PEACEKEEPING: ISSUES FOR CONGRESS -- SUMMARY -- MOST RECENT DEVELOPMENTS -- INTRODUCTION -- CURRENT FUNDING SITUATION -- BASIC INFORMATION -- U.N. PROPOSALS FOR STRENGTHENING PEACEKEEPING -- THE UNITED STATES AND PEACEKEEPING PROPOSALS -- CONGRESS AND UNITED NATIONS PEACEKEEPING: 1991-2006 -- APPENDIX A. U.N. PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS: A CHRONOLOGICAL LIST.

APPENDIX B. U.N. PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS: NUMBERS CREATED ANNUALLY, 1948-2008 -- APPENDIX C. UNITED NATIONS PEACEKEEPING OVER THE YEARS: STATISTICAL DATA FOR COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS, 1978-2008 -- APPENDIX D. U.N. PEACEKEEPING: STATUS OF U.S. ASSESSED CONTRIBUTIONS FOR CALENDAR YEAR 2006 (AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2006) (IN U.S. DOLLARS) -- APPENDIX E. U.N. PEACEKEEPING: STATUS OF U.S. ASSESSED CONTRIBUTIONS FOR CALENDAR YEAR 2005 (AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2005) (IN U.S. DOLLARS) -- APPENDIX F. U.N. PEACEKEEPING: STATUS OF U.S. ASSESSED CONTRIBUTIONS FOR CALENDAR YEAR 2004 (AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2004) (IN U.S. DOLLARS) -- Chapter 3: UNITED NATIONS PEACEKEEPING: LINES OF AUTHORITY FOR FIELD PROCUREMENT REMAIN UNCLEAR, BUT REFORMS HAVE ADDRESSED SOME ISSUES -- WHY GAO DID THIS STUDY -- WHAT GAO FOUND -- ABBREVIATIONS -- RESULTS IN BRIEF -- BACKGROUND -- RESTRUCTURING OF PEACEKEEPING MANAGEMENT UNDER WAY, BUT AMBIGUITY REMAINS ON PROCUREMENT LINES OF AUTHORITY -- PEACEKEEPING PROCUREMENT REFORMS ARE PROCEEDING, BUT HAVE NOT ADDRESSED SOME PREVIOUSLY IDENTIFIED CONCERNS -- UNLB PROVIDES IMPORTANT COMMUNICATIONS AND LOGISTICAL SUPPORT TO PEACEKEEPING MISSIONS, BUT ITS GROWTH HAS RAISED CONCERNS AMONG MEMBER STATES -- CONCLUSION -- APPENDIX I: OBJECTIVES, SCOPE, AND METHODOLOGY -- APPENDIX II: SUMMARY RESULTS OF GAO'S SURVEY OF CHIEF PROCUREMENT OFFICERS AT UN PEACEKEEPING MISSIONS -- APPENDIX III: COMPONENTS OF STRATEGIC DEPLOYMENT STOCKS (SDS) -- APPENDIX IV: COMMENTS FROM THE DEPARTMENT OF STATE -- APPENDIX V: COMMENTS FROM THE UNITED NATIONS -- CHAPTER SOURCES -- INDEX -- Blank Page.