SEPTIC SHOCK: SYMPTOMS, MANAGEMENT AND RISK FACTORS -- SEPTIC SHOCK: SYMPTOMS, MANAGEMENT AND RISK FACTORS -- Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data -- Contents -- Preface -- Chapter 1: Pathophysiology of Cardiovascular Failure in Septic Shock -- Abstract -- Introduction -- 1. Molecular Mechanisms in the Pathophysiology of Septic Shock -- 1.1. Changes of Myocyte ion Transport by Inflammatory Mediators -- Calcium Channels -- Potassium Channels -- 1.3. Changes in Cytoskeletal Proteins -- 1.3. Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Septic Shock -- 1.4. The Role of Endotoxins and Bacterial Virulence Factors in Septic Shock -- Endotoxin -- Effects of other Bacterial Toxins -- 2. Microcirculation in Septic Shock -- 3. Myocardial Dysfunction in Septic Shock -- 3.1. The role of Cytokines in Myocardial Dysfunction -- 3.2. Myocardial Cell Death -- 3.2.1. The Role of Poly(Adenosine 5'-diphosphate-ribose) -- Polymerase Activation -- 3.2.2. The Role of Nitric Oxide -- 4. Pathophysiology of Inotrope Refractory Cardiovascular Failure -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 2: Sepsis and Septic Shock: Risk Factors, Symptoms and Management -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Risk Factors -- Definitions -- Pathogenesis -- Symptoms -- Management -- Early Management -- Ongoing Management -- Recommendations -- References -- Chapter 3: Septic Shock: Clinical Diagnosis and Risk Factors -- Abstract -- Abbreviations -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1. Basic Concepts -- 1.2. Epidemiological Impact of Sepsis and Septic Shock -- 2. Clinical Approach to the Septic Patient -- 2.1. Suspected Sepsis in the ER -- 2.2. Patients at Risk of Septic Shock -- 2.3. Confirming the Diagnosis -- 2.3.1. Laboratory Analyses and Work-Up -- 2.3.2. Imaging Studies -- 2.3.3. New Diagnostic Tools and Future Research -- 2.3.3.1. Inflammatory Biomarkers -- 2.3.3.2. Oxidative Stress Biomarkers -- Conclusion.

References -- Chapter 4: Diagnosis and Management of Life-Threatening Infections and Septic Shock During Idiopathic Drug-Induced Agranulocytosis -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Criteria for the Definition of Idiopathic Drug-Induced Agranulocytosis -- Epidemiology of Agranulocytosis -- Incriminated Drugs in Idiopathic Agranulocytosis -- Clinical Manifestations of Drug-Induced Neutropenia and Agranulocytosis -- Differential Diagnosis of Acute Neutropenia -- Prognosis and Mortality Rate of Drug Induced Agranulocytosis, Frailty Patients -- Management of Drug-Induced Severe Neutropenia or Agranulocytosis -- Prevention -- General Measures -- Indications of Antimicrobial Agents -- Indications of Hematopoietic Growth Factors -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 5: Sepsis: A Disease of the Microcirculation -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Microcirculation -- The Shunting Theory of Sepsis -- Monitoring the Microcirculation -- Nailfold videocapillaroscopy -- Laser Doppler -- Orthogonal Polarization Spectral -- and Sidestream Dark Field Imaging -- Near-Infrared Spectroscopy -- The Microcirculation in Sepsis -- Sepsis and Outcome -- Vasopressors and Inotropes -- Norepinephrine -- Dobutamine -- Levosimendan -- Vasodilators -- Red Blood Cell Transfusion -- Fluids -- Steroids -- Sedatives -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 6: The Role of HMGB1 in Cardiac Dysfunction During Septic Shock -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Mechanism of Sepsis-Related -- Cardiac Dysfunction -- The Role of HMGB1 in Sepsis -- and as a Potential Therapeutic Target -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 7: Pathophysiology of Sepsis and Septic Shock -- Abstract -- Abbreviations -- 2. Introduction -- 3. Pathophysiology of Sepsis -- 3.1. Basic Molecular Mechanisms of Inflammation in Sepsis -- 3.1.1. Pathogen-Host Interaction -- 3.1.2. Neutrophils -- 3.1.3. Cytokines.

3.1.4. Coagulation Disorders in Sepsis -- 3.1.5. Endothelial Cells -- 3.1.6. Complement Activation -- 3.2. Immunoparalysis -- 4. Pathophysiology of Septic Shock -- Conclusion and Future Goals -- References -- Index.