WOUND HEALING: PROCESS, PHASES AND PROMOTING -- HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY -- Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data -- Contents -- Preface -- Healing in Periodontal Bone Defects: A Role for Promoters? -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Wound Healing - A Multi-Stage Process -- Physiology of Soft Tissue Healing -- Physiology of Bone Healing -- Concepts and Principles of Periodontal Tissue Regeneration -- The Importance of Cementum and Adjacent Tissue: Barrier Membranes and Scaffolds to Enhance Biological Potential for Regaining Lost Tissue -- Bioactive Systems for Delivery of Genes Encoding for Growth Factors -- Progenitor Stem Cells and Their Pluripotent Role -- Role of Growth Promoting Agents in Periodontal Regeneration -- Growth Factor Formulations Used in Regenerative Periodontal Surgery -- Fibroblast Growth Factor-2 -- Bone Morphogenetic Proteins -- Growth Differentiation Factor-5 -- Rh (Recombinant Human)GDF-5/PLGA (Polylactic-Co-Glycolic Acid) Construct -- Enamel Matrix Derivative -- Bioactive Ceramic Materials: Bioglass -- Guided Tissue Regeneration (GTR: e.g Bovine Bone and Collagen Membrane) -- Autogenous Bone Grafting and GTR -- Conclusion -- References -- Oxygen-Related Inflammatory Wound Phenotypes -- Abstract -- Abbreviations -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Wound, Necrosis and Inflammation -- 3. Inflammatory Phenotypes Related to Wound Repair -- 4. The Ischemia-Reperfusion Phenotype: -- A Progressive Initial Oxygenation of the Traumatized Tissue -- 5. The Leukocytic Phenotype: Temporal New Tissue with Paracrine Functions -- 6. The Angiogenic Phenotype: A Type of Revascularization That "Burns" the Traumatized Tissue -- 7. The Problem and the Solution: Oxygen -- Acknowledgment -- References -- Extracellular Matrix Molecules in Skin Wound Repair -- Abstract -- Introduction -- I. Collagens and Major ECM Proteins -- 1. Collagens.

2. Fibronectin -- 3. Vitronectin -- 4. Matricellular Proteins -- II. Basement Membrane -- 1. Collagens -- 2. Laminin -- III. Integrins Receptors -- IV. Matrix Metalloproteinases -- V. ECM and Growth Factor Interactions -- Conclusion -- References -- Regulation of Wound Healing by Growth Factors and Cytokines -- Abstract -- List of Abbreviation -- 1. Growth Factors and Cytokines Injury Response -- 2. Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Family -- Role of PDGF at the Wound Site -- Importance of PDGF Production in Healing Wounds -- 3. Fibroblast Growth Factor Family -- Role of FGFs at the Wound Site -- FGF Receptor Importance in Wound Healing -- 4. Epidermal Growth Factor Family -- Role of EGF, TGF-α, and HB-EGF at the Wound Site -- EGF Ligands Importance in Keratinocyte Migration -- 5. Transforming Growth Factor β -- Role of TGF- β at the Wound Site -- Importance of Neutralizing Antibodies to TGF-β1 and -β2 Reduce Scarring -- Immunosuppressive Approaches Studies of TGF-β1 -- 6. Proinflammatory Cytokines -- Role of Proinflammatory Cytokines in Wound Healing -- IL-6 Knock-Out Mice Show Caused Impaired Healing -- Expression of GM-CSF Stimulate Proliferation of Endhotelial Cells -- 7. Interaction between Growth Factors and Cytokines at the Wound Site -- 8. Conclusion and Future Research -- References -- The Role of γδ T-Cells in the Healing of Burn Wounds -- Abstract -- Introduction -- The Skin and Burn -- Wound Healing Mechanisms after Burn -- γδ T Cells and Wound Healing -- γδ T Cells in Burn Wound Healing -- Other Lymphocyte Subsets and Burn -- Stem Cells in Wound Healing -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgment -- References -- Bone Healing Process: The Influence of Low Level Laser Therapy, and Bioactive Materials -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Bone Tissue and Matrix -- Bone Healing Process -- Promoters of Bone Repair -- Bone Substitutes.

Low Level Laser Therapy -- Final Considerations -- References -- Signaling Pathways in Wound Repair -- Wound Repair Phases -- Cell Calcium -- PKC Pathway -- PI3-Kinase Pathway -- MAP Kinases -- ERK -- P38 -- JNK -- Rho-Family GTPases -- Other Signaling Pathways -- Concluding Remarks -- References -- Role of Plasminogen Activators and Phycocyanin in Dermal Wound Healing: A Molecular Insight -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Role of Urokinase Plasminogen Activator System in Wound Healing -- What is C-Phycocyanin? -- Role Of C-PC in Wound Healing -- C-pc Enhances Fibrin Lysis -- C-pc Promotes Fibroblast Proliferation and Migration -- Conclusion -- References -- Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy and Chronic Wound Healing -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Normal Wound Healing -- Inflammatory Phase -- Haemostasis -- Inflammation -- Proliferative Phase -- Granulation -- Migration and Angiogenesis -- Remodelling Phase -- Tissue Remodelling -- Chronic Wounds -- Examples of Chronic Wounds - Ulcers -- Venous Ulcers -- Diabetic Ulcers -- Pressure Ulcers -- Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy -- Patient Selection -- Treatment Protocols -- Side Effects and Contraindications -- Physical Mechanisms of HBO -- Effects of HBO on Wound Healing -- Evidence Supporting the Use of HBO in the Treatment of Chronic Wounds -- The Inflammatory Phase of Wound Healing -- Bacteria in Chronic Wounds -- Antibacterial Effects of HBO -- Inflammatory Cytokines in the Chronic Wound -- The Effects of HBO on the Inflammatory Cytokine Activity -- Neutrophil Over-Recruitment and Dysfunction in Chronic Wounds -- HBO and Neutrophil Recruitment -- The Proliferative Phase of Wound Healing -- Angiogenesis in Chronic Wounds -- HBO and Angiogenesis -- Granulation and Epithelialisation in Chronic Wounds -- HBO and Granulation and Epithelialisation -- The Remodelling Phase of Wound Healing.

Remodelling in Chronic Wounds -- HBO and Remodelling -- Effects of HBO on Inflammatory Gene Expression -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgment -- References -- Wound Healing of the Ocular Surface after Surgery and Burns -- Abstract -- I. Introduction -- II. Bone Marrow Stem Cells in Ocular Surface Healing -- 2.1. Role of Bone Marrow Stem Cells in Alkali-Burned Corneas -- 2.2. Role of Bone Marrow Stem Cells in the Pathogenesis of Pterygium -- 2.3. Role of Bone Marrow Stem Cells after Pterygium Excision -- 2.4. Possible Trigger for Bone Marrow Stem Cells -- 2.5. Substance-P (SP) as a Trigger for Bone Marrow Stem Cells -- III. Role of SP in Ocular Surface Healing -- 3.1. Injury-Inducible Messenger for Mobilization of CD29+ Cells -- 3.2. Binding of Injected SP on Bone Marrow Stem Cells -- 3.3. Wound Size Regulates SP and Cell Mobilization Kinetics -- 3.4. Multipotent Differentiation Capacity of the Mobilized Cells -- 3.5. Acceleration of Wound Healing by SP and CD29+ Cells -- 3.6. SP Stimulates Transmigration and Proliferation of Human Bone Marrow Stem Cells -- Conclusion -- References -- Pulsed Electric Field on an Animal Wound Healing Model -- Introduction -- Material and Methods -- Study Design -- Exposure Setup and Planning -- Results and Discussion -- Conclusion -- References -- Index.