RADIOACTIVE WASTE: SOURCES, TYPES AND MANAGEMENT -- RADIOACTIVE WASTE: SOURCES, TYPES AND MANAGEMENT -- Contents -- Preface -- DMNR: A New Concept for Real-Time Online Monitoring of Short and Medium Term Radioactive Waste -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The Radioactive Waste -- 3. Current Monitoring Methods -- 4. Real-Time Monitoring and Data Availability -- 5. The Proposed System: DMNR -- 6. The Basic Sensor Unit -- 6.1. The Scintillating Fiber -- 6.2. The Silicon Photomultiplier -- 6.3. Front-End Electronics -- 6.4. Response to Gamma Radiation -- 7. Counting, Readout and User Interface -- 8. Mechanical Arrangement: Platform -- and Robotic Arm -- 8.1. The Platform -- 8.2. The Robotic Arm -- 9. Bench Tests with Prototypes -- 10. Open Issues -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Radioactive Waste from Research Reactor Operation and Decommissioning -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. General Featuresof Research Reactors -- 3. Radioactive WastefromResearch -- ReactorOperation -- 3.1. Waste Classification -- 3.2. Solid Radioactive Waste -- 3.3. Liquid Radioactive Waste -- 3.4. Gaseous Radioactive Waste -- 3.5. Management of Operational Waste -- 4. Radioactive Wastefromthe Fuel Cycle -- 5. Radioactive WastefromRadioisotope Production -- 5.1. Radioisotope Production by Neutron Capture Reactions -- 5.2. Radioisotope Production by Fission of Uranium -- 6. Radioactive Waste from Decommissioning -- and Dismantling of Research Reactors -- 6.1. Decommissioning and Dismantling of Small Facilities -- 6.2. Decommissioning and Dismantling of Medium-Sized Facilities -- 6.3. Issues with Specific Materials -- Conclusions -- References -- Promising Analytical Techniques for HLW Analysis -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. MS ERIAD Method -- 2.1. The Method Description -- 2.2. Registration of Metal Cations by ERIAD MS.

2.3. Origination of Ions MeO+ and MeO2+ in ERIAD Mass-Spectra -- 2.4. Analytical Features of ERIAD MS with Respect -- to Radiochemical Applications -- 3. Potentiometric Multisensor Method -- 4. Optical Spectroscopy in Combination -- with Chemometrics -- Conclusion -- References -- Treatment of High-Level Radioactive Waste Arising from Pyroprocessing and Its Waste Form -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. FP Removal by Zeolite Sorption Method -- 3.FP Removal Methods Applying Phosphates Properties -- 3.1. Phosphate Precipitation Method -- 3.2. GRSS Method -- 3.3. Phosphate Conversion Method -- 3.3.1. Computational Evaluation -- (1) Composition of Spent Electrolyte -- (2)Thermodynamical Approach -- 3.4. Phosphate Conversion Behaviours of Related FP Elements -- 3.4.1. Experimental -- 3.4.2.Results -- (1) Precipitation Behavioursof Phosphates in Simple Salt Experiment -- (I)Formation of Alkali Metal Phosphates -- (II) Formation of Alkaline Earth Metal Phosphate -- (III) Formation of Rare-Earth Phosphate -- (2) Precipitation Behavioursof Phosphates in Complex Salts Experiment -- 3.4.3. Conclusion -- 3.5. Separation Methods of FP in the Spent Electrolyte -- 3.5.1. Use of IPG as Filtration Medium and Sorbent -- (1) Experimental -- (I) Precondition -- (II) Preparation of THE IPGs -- (III) Preparation of the Surrogate Spent Electrolytes -- (IV) Experimental -- (V) Results -- 3.5.2. Sorption Effect of Metal Cations by IPGs -- 3.6. IPG Forms -- References -- Sources of Radioactive Contamination of Frozen Taiga Landscapes in Southern Yakutia -- Origin of Radioactive Contamination -- Physical and Chemical Properties of the Rock -- from the Mine Dumps -- Radiation Characteristics of Rocks from Mine Dumps -- Ranking of the Anthropogenic Radionuclide Contamination on Assessment Criteria -- of Radioecological State of the Territories -- References.

Cementitious Wasteforms for Immobilization of Low-Activity Radioactive Wastes -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Specified Concrete Composition for Encasement -- Materials and Laboratory-Scale Mixture Design -- Concrete Mix and Specimen Preparation -- Solid and Fractured Concrete-Sediment Half-Cells Spiked -- with Iodine and Rhenium -- Solid Concrete-Sediment Half-Cells Spiked with Technetium -- Half-Cell Preparation, Testing, and Analysis -- Results and Discussion -- Concrete-Sediment Half-Cell Experiments to Determine the Diffusion -- of Iodine and Rhenium into Solid Concrete -- Concrete-Sediment Half-Cell Experiments -- to Determine the Diffusion of Iodine -- and Rhenium into Fractured Concrete -- Concrete-Sediment Half-Cell Experiments to Determine The Effects of Iron on the Diffusion of Technetium -- Carbonation and Micro-Cracking -- Summary -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Highly Radioactive Waste Disposal: A Global Concern -- Abstract -- Introduction -- The Actors -- National Efforts -- Asia -- Europe -- North America -- International Conventions Governing Radioactive Waste Disposal -- IGOs and NGOs -- IGOs -- The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) -- The Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) -- The United Nations -- NGOs -- Professional Organizations -- Environmental Organizations -- Conclusion -- References -- Index.