GLOBALIZATION POLICIES AND ISSUES -- GLOBALIZATION POLICIES AND ISSUES -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- GLOBALIZATION, OFFSHORING, AND MULTINATIONAL COMPANIES: WHAT ARE THE QUESTIONS, AND HOW WELL ARE WE DOING IN ANSWERING THEM? -- I. INTRODUCTION -- II. WHAT QUESTIONS ARE BEING ASKED ABOUT MNCS? -- A. Brief History -- B. What Are the Questions, and How Well Are We Answering Them? -- How do MNCs affect output, incomes, and employment in home and host economies? Do multinationals export jobs? How do they affect wages? [5] -- What determines the location of production by multinationals? -- How do MNCs respond to barriers to trade and investment? To tax and investment incentives? -- How do MNCs contribute to cross-border transfers of technology? -- How do multinationals affect trade flows and trade balances? -- Do MNCs invest abroad mainly to achieve efficiency in vertical integration, by locating different stages of production in different countries, or does their international expansion tend to be more horizontal in nature, with essentially identical processes replicated in multiple countries? -- How do foreign-owned companies differ from domestically owned companies? -- How much of a particular domestic industry is owned by foreign companies? -- How many jobs have been offshored? -- What do we know about offshoring by looking at BEA‟s MNC data? -- Do multinationals contribute to, or help mitigate, international financial crises, such as currency crises? -- Is intra-firm trade conducted at arm‟s length prices, or are prices set to shift profits and avoid taxes? -- What is the role of multinationals in international financial flows? -- How do multinationals affect major domestic aggregates, such as GDP, productivity, inflation, and corporate profits?.

In regard to the environment, is there a "race to the bottom" where governments competing for increased investment are willing to accept very low (or lowered) environmental standards? -- C. Although We Can Answer Many of the Key Questions, Even for These Questions There Nonetheless Remains Substantial Additional Work -- III. WHAT SHOULD BEA OR OTHER STATISTICAL ORGANIZATIONS BE DOING, TO PROVIDE MORE AND BETTER DATA TO OUR USERS? -- CONCLUSION -- BIBLIOGRAPHY -- REFERENCES -- U.S. AGRICULTURAL POLICY RESPONSE TO WTO COTTON DECISION -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- The WTO Dispute Settlement Panel's Recommendation -- BRAZIL'S RESPONSE -- U.S. RESPONSE -- RECENT DEVELOPMENTS -- Potential Effects to U.S. Agriculture of Proposed Changes -- Role of Congress -- REFERENCES -- DISPUTE SETTLEMENT IN THE WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION: AN OVERVIEW -- ABSTRACT -- BACKGROUND -- STEPS IN A WTO DISPUTE PROCEEDING -- REFERENCES -- TRADE REMEDIES: A PRIMER -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- Overview -- Congressional Interest -- AD AND CVD LAWS AND INVESTIGATIONS -- U.S. Statutes and Eligibility Criteria -- U.S. International Obligations -- AD and CVD Investigations -- Antidumping Act of 1916 -- Continued Dumping and Subsidy Offset Act -- AD/CVD Legislation in the 109th Congress -- SAFEGUARD (ESCAPE CLAUSE) MEASURES -- Statutory Authority -- Section 201 Eligibility Criteria -- U.S. International Obligations -- Section 201 Safeguard Investigations -- 2002 Steel Safeguard Action -- Section 406 Relief -- ―Surge Protection‖ from Chinese Imports -- Safeguard Legislation in the 109th Congress -- CONCLUSION -- APPENDIX. SUMMARY OF U.S. TRADE REMEDY LAWS -- REFERENCES -- WTO DOHA ROUND: THE AGRICULTURAL NEGOTIATIONS -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- CURRENT STATUS: THE INDEFINITE SUSPENSION OF DOHA ROUND NEGOTIATIONS -- THE HONG KONG MINISTERIAL DECLARATION.

Incremental Progress on Agriculture in the Hong Kong Declaration -- AGRICULTURAL NEGOTIATING DEVELOPMENTS PRECEDING THE HONG KONG MINISTERIAL -- Overview -- Comparison of Major Agricultural Negotiating Proposals -- Export Competition -- Domestic Support -- Market Access -- Export Competition -- Domestic Support -- Market Access -- Special Safeguard Mechanism (SSG) -- Geographical Indications (GIs) -- Special and Differential Treatment (SDT) for developing countries -- Conditions -- Export Competition -- Domestic Support -- Market Access -- Market Access -- Domestic Support -- The Cotton Issue: Background -- Role of Developing Countries -- Other Negotiating Issues -- ROLE OF CONGRESS: TRADE PROMOTION AUTHORITY AND THE FARM BILL -- BACKGROUND ON THE DOHA ROUND -- Agricultural Negotiations: Doha to Cancun -- July 2004 Framework Agreement for Agriculture -- Pillar 1 - Export Competition -- Export Competition Issues to Be Resolved -- Pillar 2 - Domestic Support -- What Was Agreed to in the Framework -- Domestic Support Issues to Be Resolved -- Pillar 3 - Market Access -- What Was Agreed to in the Framework -- Market Access Issues to Be Resolved -- POTENTIAL EFFECTS OF A SUCCESSFUL DOHA ROUND -- Global Trade and GDP -- U.S. Farm Policy Implications -- Potential Economic Impact on U.S. Agriculture -- INFORMATION SOURCES -- CRS Reports -- Other Sources -- APPENDIX TABLE 1. CHRONOLOGY OF KEY EVENTS -- APPENDIX TABLE 2. KEY PLAYERS IN THE WTO DDA NEGOTIATIONS -- APPENDIX TABLE 3. KEY TERMS FROM THE WTO AGREEMENT ON AGRICULTURE AND THE DDA -- REFERENCES -- TRADE PREFERENCES FOR DEVELOPING COUNTRIES AND THE WTO -- ABSTRACT -- TRADE PREFERENCES AND GATT MFN REQUIREMENTS -- WTO WAIVERS FOR PREFERENTIAL TRADE AGREEMENTS -- WTO WAIVERS FOR U.S. PREFERENCE PROGRAMS [9] -- WTO-LEGALITY OF NON-TRADE CONDITIONS IN PREFERENCE PROGRAMS.

TRADE PREFERENCE LEGISLATION IN THE 109TH CONGRESS -- REFERENCES -- FINANCIAL GLOBALIZATION, CRISES, AND CONTAGION -- ABSTRACT -- I. INTRODUCTION -- II. FINANCIAL GLOBALIZATION AND CRISES -- Evidence on Crises -- III. FINANCIAL GLOBALIZATION AND CONTAGION -- Evidence on Contagion -- IV. NET EFFECTS OF GLOBALIZATION -- V. POLICY OPTIONS -- Capital Controls -- Risk Management -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- NEOLIBERAL GLOBALIZATION AND POLITICSOF INSTITUTIONAL CHANGE IN TURKEY: TOWARDS A 'STRATEGIC-EFFECTIVESTATE'? -- INTRODUCTION -- 1. GLOBALIZATION, NATION STATE AND THE NEW CONTEXT OF INTERNATIONAL COMPETITIVENESS -- 2. ALTERNATIVE RESPONSES TO GLOBALIZATION: REVISITING THE ‗STRATEGIC-EFFECTIVESTATE' -- 3. THE RECENT TRAJECTORY OF TURKISH POLITICAL ECONOMY: THE IMPACT OF THE TWIN CRISES OF 2000 AND 2001 -- Politics of Realignment and Institutional Transformation in the Aftermath of the ‗Political Tsunami' -- 4. CHALLENGES AHEAD: EXPLORING THE PROSPECTS OF A ‗STRATEGIC-EFFECTIVESTATE' IN TURKEY -- The Prospective Role of the State Planning Organization in a Compact of ‗Neo-Planning' -- 5. RETRACING THE ARGUMENT AND OVERALL CONCLUSIONS -- Achievement of Aims -- Reflections on the Main Argument and Research Findings -- OVERALL CONCLUSIONS -- GLOBALIZATION, RELIGION, AND NONVIOLENCE -- GLOBALIZATION -- IMPACT OF GLOBALIZATION ON POLITICAL CULTURES AND RELIGIONS -- RELIGIOUS TERRORISTS OR COMMUNAL TERRORISTS? -- GLOBALISM, CULTURAL CONFLICTS, SOCIAL AND GENDER EQUITY, AND RELIGIONS -- COSMIC VIEW OF RELIGIONS: KARMA, DHARMA AND JUST WAR THEORY -- GLOBALISM, MATERIAL, CULTURAL AND SPIRITUAL CRISIS -- FOR A NEW WORLD ORDER -- SPREADING A CULTURE OF NON-VIOLENCE -- CHALLENGING EXPERIMENTS OF NON-VIOLENCE IN THE 20TH CENTURY -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES.

AN OVERVIEW OF COMPUTATIONAL METHODS IN FORECASTING TOURISM DEMAND: RECOMMENDATIONS AND FUTURE RESEARCH -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. COMPUTATIONAL FORECASTING METHODS -- 2.1. Artificial Neural Networks -- 2.2. Genetic Programming -- 3. SOME METHODOLOGICAL RECOMMENDATIONS -- 3.1. Evaluating the Predictive Accuracy -- 3.2. Analysing the Statistical Significance of the Predictions -- 3.3. Avoiding Overfitting Problems: Training, Validation and Out-of-Sample Sets -- 3.4. Working on Levels or Taking Differences? -- 4. NEW LINES OF RESEARCH -- 4.1. Exploiting Synergic Predictive Effects Using Data-Fusion -- 4.2. Hybrid Methods: Evolutionary Neural Networks -- 4.3. Looking for Chaos in Tourism Time Series -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- SHIFTING LOCUS OF INFLUENCE IN THE LABOR UNION MOVEMENT:NEGOTIATIONS IN INTERNATIONAL FRAMEWORK AGREEMENTS -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- PREVIOUS RESEARCH INTO INTERNATIONAL FRAMEWORK AGREEMENTS -- FROM NATIONAL TO TRANSNATIONAL INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS -- METHOD -- THE PROCESS OF DEVELOPING AN INTERNATIONAL FRAMEWORK AGREEMENT -- Background: International Workers' Rights Turbulence -- Process initiation: The Global Union Federation proposes an IFA -- Internal Debate: Stopped Processes -- Moving Forward with a Working Group -- Issue I: What Union Representative Signs the IFA? -- Issues II - IV: Content, Suppliers and Control Structures -- THE FORMATION OF ROLES WITHIN THE UNION MOVEMENT -- The Role of National Unions -- The Role of Global Union Federations -- The Role of Enterprise Level Unions -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- TRADE POLICY IN THE GLOBALIZING WORLD: POLICY MODELING AND SIMULATIONS OF FUTURES -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. OUTLINE OF FUGI GLOBAL MODELING SYSTEM -- 2.1. Regional Classification -- 2.2. Design Concept of the FUGI Global Modeling System -- 2.3. Model Structure.

2.4. Structure of Global Interdependence.