PERSPECTIVES IN ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH -- PERSPECTIVES IN ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- Chapter 1 ECOTOX: A VERSATILE TOOL FOR BIOMONITORING OF AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- 1. DEVELOPMENT OF ECOTOX FOR ECOTOXICOLOGY RESEARCH -- Hardware -- Software -- Operation Modi -- Measured Parameters -- Inhibition % -- Mathematical form and Statistical Analysis of the Data -- Phototaxis -- Test Organism -- Euglena Gracilis -- Ecotox Measurements of Different Organic and Inorganic Toxic Substances -- 2. ECOTOX FOR MONITORING MARINE WATER SAMPLES -- 3. EFFECT OF UV RADIATION ON GRAVITACTIC ORIENTATION OF E. GRACILIS USING ECOTOX -- 4. ECOTOX BIOSYSTEM FOR PREDICTING LONG-TERM EFFECTS OF TOXICANTS -- Advantages OF Ecotox as Early Warning Biotest System -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 2 AGRICULTURAL LAND-USE IN FOREST FRONTIER AREAS: THEORY AND EVIDENCE FROM INDONESIA -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. SPATIAL LAND USE MODELS -- 3. A SPATIAL ECONOMIC LAND USE MODEL -- The Von Thunen - Ricardo Land Rent Model -- Shortcomings of the Von Thunen Ricardo Land Rent Model -- A Refinement of the Von Thunen - Ricardo Land Rent Model -- Implications of The Model -- 4. EMPIRICAL ESTIMATION -- Research Area -- The Model -- Data -- Combining Spatial and Non-Spatial Data -- Results -- Implications of the Empirical Model -- 5. CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 3 A REVIEW OF PARCIPATORY FOREST REGENERATION ENDEAVOURS IN WEST BENGAL, INDIA -- ABSTRACT -- ABBREVIATIONS -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. GENESIS OF JFM -- 3. DESCRIPTION OF THE FDA/IAEP WORK REVIEW AREAS -- 3.1. Kharagpur Forest Division -- 3.2. Bankura (North) Forest Division -- 3.3. Burdwan Forest Division -- 3.4. Jalpaiguri Forest Division -- 3.5. Coochbehar Forest Division -- 3.6. Darjeeling Forest Division -- 3.7. Sundarban area.

4. FOREST DWELLER'S RIGHTS: REGULATORY PROVISIONS -- 5. FDA/IAEP PROJECT OBJECTIVES -- 6. FDA STRUCTURE, JFM COMMITTEE AND DEVELOPMENT FUNDS -- 7. WORK PROGRAMME INCLUDING 'ENTRY POINT ACTIVITIES' -- 8. PERFORMANCE EVALUATION BY NAEB APPOINTED EVALUATORS -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 4 RESOURCE BASED INTEGRATED LAND USE PLANNING: A CASE STUDY FROM INDIAN COALFIELDS -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 1.1. Land Use Models and Recent Approach -- 1.2. The Representative Power Grade Coalfield -- 2. LAND USE ZONING OBJECTIVES FOR THE REPRESENTATIVE POWER GRADE COALFIELD -- 3. RESOURCE BASED LAND USE SUITABILITY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY -- 3.1. Land Use Suitability Evaluation -- 4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS -- 5. CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 5 PAHS IN SEDIMENTS ASSOCIATED WITH COAL AND COAL-DERIVED PARTICLES -- OCCURRENCE, MOBILITY AND RISK ASSESSMENT -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. OCCURRENCE OF COAL AND COAL-DERIVED PARTICLE ASSOCIATED PAHS IN SEDIMENTS -- 2.1. Identification of Coal and Coal-Derived Particles in Sediments -- 2.2. Elevated Concentration of PAHs in Sediments with Coal and Coal-Derived Particles -- 3. MOBILITY OF PAHS IN SEDIMENTS WITH COAL AND COAL-DERIVED PARTICLES -- 3.1. PAHs Sorption to Carbonaceous Sediments -- 3.2. Slow Desorption -- 4. RISK ASSESSMENT CONSIDERING COAL AND COAL-DERIVED PARTICLES -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 6 NEW TRENDS ON PHENOLOGICAL MODELLING -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- FLOWERING INTENSITY MODELS -- FORECASTING PHENOLOGY DATES -- MODELLING IN HERBACEOUS SPECIES -- MODELLING AND CLIMATE CHANGE -- REGIONAL MODELS -- SPATIAL ANALYSIS -- REMOTE SENSING IN PHENOLOGY STUDIES -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 7 IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF HOUSEHOLD PREPARATIONS IN REDUCING DIETARY INTAKE OF CHLORPYRIFOS RESIDUES THROUGH CABBAGE HEADS (BRASSICA OLERACEA VAR. CAPITATA) -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION.

MATERIALS AND METHODS -- Field study and Sampling -- HOUSEHOLD PREPARATION -- EXTRACTION, CLEAN-UP, AND ESTIMATION OF CHLORPYRIFOS RESIDUES -- STATISTICAL ANALYSIS -- Dietary Risk Assessment of Chlorpyrifos Through Cabbage Consumption -- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- Persistence of Chlorpyrifos -- Effect of Various Household Preparations: -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 8 ON THE REDISTRIBUTION OF TISSUE METAL (CADMIUM, NICKEL AND LEAD) LOADS IN MINK ACCOMPANYING PARASITIC INFECTION BY THE GIANT KIDNEY WORM (DIOCTOPHYME RENALE) -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- MATERIALS AND METHODS -- RESULTS -- Body and Organ Weights -- Cadmium Levels -- Nickel Levels -- Lead Levels -- Proportional Deposition Among Tissues -- Gender Comparisons -- Femur Versus Spicule Levels -- Effects on Body Condition -- DISCUSSION -- CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 9 NEEM : A GREAT BOON TO MANKIND -- DISTRIBUTION -- Climate and Soil for Growth -- Bitterness -- Chemistry -- I) ISOPRENOIDS -- II) NON-ISOPRENOID CONSTITUENTS -- i) (Poly) phenolics -- Miscellaneous -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 10 COVER CROPS, TILLAGE, AND GLYPHOSATE EFFECTS ON CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF A LOWER MISSISSIPPI DELTA SOIL AND SOYBEAN YIELD -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- MATERIALS AND METHODS -- Experiment Description -- Cover Crop / Spring Vegetation Biomass -- Soil Sampling -- Soil Chemical Analysis -- Soil Enzymatic Activity -- Microbial Propagule Density -- Microbial Community Structure Characterization by Fatty Acid Methyl Ester Analysis -- Statistical Analysis -- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- Spring Vegetative Biomass -- Soil Moisture -- Soil Total Organic Carbon and Total Nitrogen Content -- Soil Nitrate and Electrical Conductivity -- Fluorescein Diacetate Hydrolytic Activity -- Soil Microbial Populations -- Soil Microbial Community Structure.

Soybean Yield -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 11 USE OF MICROARRAYS TO STUDY ENVIRONMENTALLY RELEVANT ORGANISMS: A UK PERSPECTIVE -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- FUNDING -- INFRASTRUCTURE -- GENOMIC SEQUENCING -- MICROARRAY DESIGN AND FABRICATION -- ANALYSING THE RESULTS OF MICROARRAY EXPERIMENTS -- DATA ANALYSIS AND LONG-TERM MANAGEMENT -- CONCLUSION -- NON-MODEL ORGANISM CASE STUDY 1: THE COCCOLITHOVIRUS MICROARRAY -- The Science -- The Array -- The Research -- CASE STUDY 2: GENE DISCOVERY AND SYSTEM-WIDE OVERVIEWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS RESPONSES IN THE COMMON CARP -- The Science -- The Array -- The Research -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 12 METAGENOMICS AND DIRECTED EVOLUTION APPROACHES FOR BIOLEACHING MICROORGANISMS: A REVIEW -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. MECHANISMS OF BIOLEACHING -- 3. BIOLEACHING PROCESSES FOR RECOVERY OF METALS -- 3.1. Heap Bioleaching -- 3.2. Tank Bioleaching -- 4. DIVERSITY OF BIOLEACHING MICROORGANISMS -- 5. ADVANTAGES OF APPLICATION OF METAGENOMICS APPROACHES FOR BIOLEACHING MICROORGANISMS -- 6. ADVANTAGES OF APPLICATION OF DIRECTED EVOLUTION APPROACHES FOR BIOLEACHING MICROORGANISMS -- CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 13 GEOCHEMISTRY OF ACID MINE DRAINAGE: A REVIEW -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. SOURCES OF ACID MINE DRAINAGE AND ITS IMPACT -- 3. BASIC CHEMISTRY OF ACID MINE DRAINAGE -- 4. CONTRIBUTING FACTORS OF ACID MINE DRAINAGE -- 4.1 Primary / Generation Factors -- 4.1.1. Sulphide Minerals -- 4.1.2. Water -- 4.1.3. Oxygen -- 4.1.4. Bacteria/ Microenvironment -- 4.1.5. pH -- 4.2. Secondary Factors/ Chemical Control Factors: Neutralizing Carbonate Minerals -- 4.3. Tertiary Factors/Physical Factors -- 4.3.1. Lithology -- 4.3.2. Mineralogy and Crystallinity -- 4.3.3. Particle Size and Trace Element Content -- 4.3.4. Permeability -- 4.3.5. Mine site hydrology -- 5. AMD PREVENTION TECHNOLOGY.

CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 14 PHYTOCAPPING: AN INNOVATIVE TECHNIQUE TO REDUCE METHANE EMISSION FROM LANDFILLS -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- MATERIALS AND METHODS -- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION -- CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENT -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 15 THE PLANT PATHOLOGY OF NATIVE PLANT RESTORATION -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. PERENNIALS, BIOLOGICAL CONTROL AND RESTORATION -- 3. "PLANT-SOIL FEEDBACK" AND RESTORATION -- 4. RESTORATION, NITROGEN AND PLANT PATHOGENS -- 5. MYCORRHIZAE AND PLANT PATHOGENS, HAVE WE OVERLOOKED PART OF THE BIOTIC LANDSCAPE? -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 16 INTERACTIVE TOXICITY OF BINARY MIXTURES TO DAPHNIA MAGNA STRAUS AND STENOCYPRIS WERNERI DADAY: A NEW CONCEPT FOR PREDICTING JOINT ACTION OF SIMILARLY AND DISSIMILARLY ACTING CHEMICALS -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS -- 2.1. Chemicals -- 2.2. Experimental Animals -- 2.3. Experimental Approach -- 2.4. Toxicity Bioassay -- 3. RESULTS -- 3.1. Single Substance Toxicity -- 3.2. Mixture Toxicity -- 3.2.1. Results of Joint Action Based on Cotoxicity Factor (TF) Concept (Formula No. 1) -- 3.2.2. Results of Joint Action Based on Concentration Addition (CA) Concept (Formula No. 2) -- 3.2.3. Results of Joint Action Based on Response Addition (IA) Concept (Formula No. 3) -- 3.2.4. Comparison of Joint Action Results -- 4. DISCUSSION -- 4.1. Single - Substance Toxicity -- 4.2. Model Adequacy Predicting Combined Effects -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 17 THOUGHTS FOR STREAM RESTORATION: LINK BETWEEN RIPARIAN, INSTREAM VEGETATION AND MACROINVERTEBRATES -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 1.1. Macroinvertebrates -- 1.1.2. Macroinvertebrates as Biological Indicators -- 1.1.3. Role of Macroinvertebrate as Functional Feeding Groups in Streams -- 1.2. Macrophytes -- 1.2.1. Factors Controlling Macrophyte Growth.

1.2.2. Effects of Macrophytes on Stream Conditions.