POSTURE: TYPES, ASSESSMENT AND CONTROL -- POSTURE: TYPES, ASSESSMENT AND CONTROL -- Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data -- Contents -- Preface -- Chapter 1: Postural Control: Changes with Ageing and Exercise -- Abstract -- 1. Biomechanics of Upright Stance -- 2. Assessments of Posture Control -- 2.1. Stabilogram Traditional Parameters -- 2.2. Stabilogram Diffusion Parameters -- 3. Physiology of Postural Control -- 3.1. Effects of Ageing on Postural Control -- 3.2. Sensory Inputs and Ageing -- 3.2.1. Vision -- 3.2.2. Vestibular Apparatus -- 3.2.3. Proprioception -- 3.3. Motor Outputs and Ageing -- 3.3.1. Muscular Strength -- 3.3.2. Power -- 3.3.3. Steadiness of Force Production -- 3.3.4. Strength Ratio between Agonists and Antagonists -- 3.4. Postural Strategies and Ageing -- 3.4.1. Ankle Strategy -- 3.4.2. Hip Strategy -- 3.4.3. Agonist/Antagonist Coactivation -- 4. Effects of Exercise Intervention on Postural Control -- 4.1. Resistance Exercise -- 4.2. Tai Chi Exercise -- 4.3. Other Types of Exercise and Interventions -- 4.3.1. Electromyostimulation -- 4.3.2. Balance Training -- 4.3.3. Home-Based Exercise -- 5. Summary -- References -- Chapter 2: Postural Control: From Prescription to Emergence -- Abstract -- Cognitivism Theory and Posture -- Complex Systems and Posture -- Two Irreconcilable Approaches -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 3: Influence of Sport Training on Sagittal Spinal Curvatures -- Abstract -- Introduction -- The Spine and Sports -- Cycling -- Paddling -- Rowing -- Rhytmic Gymnastics -- Weight Lifters -- Hamstring Muscles and Posture -- Limitations of Studies -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 4: Human Standing Posture: Mathematical Models, their Biofidelity and Applications -- Abstract -- Introduction -- MathematicalModels -- One-Link Inverted Pendulum Model -- Multi-Link Inverted Pendulum Model.

Coupled 2d Multi-Link Inverted Pendulum Model -- 3d Model -- Validation of the Models -- Biofidelityof the Models -- Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 5: The Relationship between Muscle-Tendon Unit Stiffness, Joint Stability and Posture, The Risk of Injury, Performance, Resonance and Energy Expenditure -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Definition of Stiffness and Methods -- Used in Stiffness Evaluation -- Stiffness, Resonance and Energy Expenditure -- Stiffness and Performance -- Stiffness and the Risk of Injury -- Conclusion and Proposed Directions for Future Work -- References -- Chapter 6: H-Reflex Assessment as a Tool for Understanding Motor Functions in Postural Control -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Physiology of H-Reflex -- 2.1. The H-Reflex Pathway -- 2.2. Influence of the Supraspinal Inputs -- 2.3. Influence of the Peripheral Inputs -- 2.4. Assessment of the H-Reflex -- 3. H-Reflex Modulation During Postural Tasks -- 3.1. Upright Standing -- 3.2. Postural Perturbation -- 3.3. Body Orientation -- 3.4. Isolated Joint Movement -- Static Ankle Joint Position -- Dynamic Ankle Joint Movement -- 3.5. Sit-To-Stand, Walking, and Drop Jump -- Sit-to-Stand -- Walking -- Drop Jump -- 3.6. Adaptations to Exercise Training Interventions -- 4. Summary -- References -- Chapter 7: Body Support and Driving Operation of a Vehicle for Wheelchair Users -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Questionnaire Survey -- 2.1. Method -- 2.1.1. Subjects -- 2.1.2. Questionnaire items -- 2.2. Results and Discussion -- 2.2.1. Remodeling and Financial Grant Status -- 2.2.2. Driving Seat and Seat Position -- 2.2.3. Experience of Risk Behavior -- 3. Driving Measurement -- 3.1. Method -- 3.1.1. Procedure for Measurement -- 3.1.2. Measuring Steering Angle -- 3.1.3. Measuring Acceleration-Velocity -- 3.1.4. Characteristics of the Subjects.

3.1.5. Characteristics of the Course -- 3.2. Results and Discussion -- 3.2.1. Steering Control Performance -- 3.2.2. Changes of Acceleration-Velocity -- Conclusion -- References -- Index.