Cover -- Preface -- Record of Changes -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- Table of Contents -- Chapter 1 - Human Factors -- Introduction -- Sensory Systems for Orientation -- Eyes -- Vision Under Dim and Bright Illumination -- Ears -- Nerves -- Illusions Leading to Spatial Disorientation -- Vestibular Illusions -- The Leans -- Coriolis Illusion -- Graveyard Spiral -- Somatogravic Illusion -- Inversion Illusion -- Elevator Illusion -- Visual Illusions -- False Horizon -- Autokinesis -- Postural Considerations -- Demonstration of Spatial Disorientation -- Climbing While Accelerating -- Climbing While Turning -- Diving While Turning -- Tilting to Right or Left -- Reversal of Motion -- Diving or Rolling Beyond the Vertical Plane -- Coping with Spatial Disorientation -- Optical Illusions -- Runway Width Illusion -- Runway and Terrain Slopes Illusion -- Featureless Terrain Illusion -- Water Refraction -- Haze -- Fog -- Ground Lighting Illusions -- How To Prevent Landing Errors Due to Optical Illusions -- Physiological and Psychological Factors -- Stress -- Medical Factors -- Alcohol -- Fatigue -- Acute Fatigue -- Chronic Fatigue -- IMSAFE Checklist -- Hazard Identification -- Situation 1 -- Situation 2 -- Risk Analysis -- Crew Resource Management (CRM) and Single-Pilot Resource Management (SRM) -- Situational Awareness -- Flight Deck Resource Management -- Human Resources -- Equipment -- Information Workload -- Task Management -- Aeronautical Decision-Making (ADM) -- The Decision-Making Process -- Defining the Problem -- Choosing a Course of Action -- Implementing the Decision and Evaluating the Outcome -- Improper Decision-Making Outcomes -- Models for Practicing ADM -- Perceive, Process, Perform -- The DECIDE Model -- Hazardous Attitudes and Antidotes -- Chapter 2 - Aerodynamic Factors -- Introduction -- The Wing -- Review of Basic Aerodynamics.

The Four Forces -- Lift -- Weight -- Thrust -- Drag -- Newton's First Law, the Law of Inertia -- Newton's Second Law, the Law of Momentum -- Newton's Third Law, the Law of Reaction -- Atmosphere -- Layers of the Atmosphere -- International Standard Atmosphere (ISA) -- Pressure Altitude -- Density Altitude -- Lift -- Pitch/Power Relationship -- Drag Curves -- Regions of Command -- Control Characteristics -- Speed Stability -- Normal Command -- Reversed Command -- Trim -- Slow-Speed Flight -- Small Airplanes -- Large Airplanes -- Climbs -- Acceleration in Cruise Flight -- Turns -- Rate of Turn -- Radius of Turn -- Coordination of Rudder and Aileron Controls -- Load Factor -- Icing -- Types of Icing -- Structural Icing -- Induction Icing -- Clear Ice -- Rime Ice -- Mixed Ice -- General Effects of Icing on Airfoils -- Piper PA-34-200T (Des Moines, Iowa) -- Tailplane Stall Symptoms -- Propeller Icing -- Effects of Icing on Critical Aircraft Systems -- Flight Instruments -- Stall Warning Systems -- Windshields -- Antenna Icing -- Summary -- Chapter 3 - Flight Instruments -- Introduction -- Pitot/Static Systems -- Static Pressure -- Blockage Considerations -- Indications of Pitot Tube Blockage -- Indications from Static Port Blockage -- Effects of Flight Conditions -- Pitot/Static Instruments -- Sensitive Altimeter -- Principle of Operation -- Altimeter Errors -- Cold Weather Altimeter Errors -- ICAO Cold Temperature Error Table -- Nonstandard Pressure on an Altimeter -- Altimeter Enhancements (Encoding) -- Reduced Vertical Separation Minimum (RVSM) -- Vertical Speed Indicator (VSI) -- Dynamic Pressure Type Instruments -- Airspeed Indicator (ASI) -- Types of Airspeed -- Airspeed Color Codes -- Magnetism -- The Basic Aviation Magnetic Compass -- Magnetic Compass Overview -- Magnetic Compass Induced Errors -- The Vertical Card Magnetic Compass.

The Flux Gate Compass System -- Remote Indicating Compass -- Gyroscopic Systems -- Power Sources -- Pneumatic Systems -- Vacuum Pump Systems -- Electrical Systems -- Gyroscopic Instruments -- Attitude Indicators -- Heading Indicators -- Turn Indicators -- Turn-and-Slip Indicator -- Turn Coordinator -- Flight Support Systems -- Attitude and Heading Reference System (AHRS) -- Air Data Computer (ADC) -- Analog Pictorial Displays -- Horizontal Situation Indicator (HSI) -- Attitude Direction Indicator (ADI) -- Flight Director System (FDS) -- Integrated Flight Control System -- Autopilot Systems -- Flight Management Systems (FMS) -- Electronic Flight Instrument Systems -- Primary Flight Display (PFD) -- Synthetic Vision -- Multi-Function Display (MFD) -- Advanced Technology Systems -- Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) -- Safety Systems -- Radio Altimeters -- Traffic Advisory Systems -- Traffic Information System -- Traffic Alert Systems -- Traffic Avoidance Systems -- Terrain Alerting Systems -- Required Navigation Instrument System Inspection -- Systems Preflight Procedures -- Before Engine Start -- After Engine Start -- Taxiing and Takeoff -- Engine Shut Down -- Chapter 4 (I) - Airplane Attitude Instrument Flying: Using Analog Instrumentation -- Introduction -- Learning Methods -- Attitude Instrument Flying Using the Control and Performance Method -- Control Instruments -- Performance Instruments -- Navigation Instruments -- Procedural Steps in Using Control and Performance -- Aircraft Control During Instrument Flight -- Attitude Instrument Flying Using the Primary and Supporting Method -- Pitch Control -- Bank Control -- Power Control -- Trim Control -- Airplane Trim -- Helicopter Trim -- Example of Primary and Support Instruments -- Fundamental Skills -- Instrument Cross-Check -- Common Cross-Check Errors -- Instrument Interpretation.

Chapter 4 (II) - Airplane Attitude Instrument Flying: Using an Electronic Flight Display -- Introduction -- Learning Methods -- Control and Performance Method -- Control Instruments -- Performance Instruments -- Navigation Instruments -- The Four-Step Process Used to Change Attitude -- Establish -- Trim -- Cross-Check -- Adjust -- Applying the Four-Step Process -- Pitch Control -- Bank Control -- Power Control -- Attitude Instrument Flying-Primary and Supporting Method -- Pitch Control -- Straight-and-Level Flight -- Primary Pitch -- Primary Bank -- Primary Yaw -- Primary Power -- Fundamental Skills of Attitude Instrument Flying -- Instrument Cross-Check -- Scanning Techniques -- Selected Radial Cross-Check -- Starting the Scan -- Trend Indicators -- Common Errors -- Fixation -- Omission -- Emphasis -- Chapter 5 (I) - Airplane Basic Flight Maneuvers: Using Analog Instrumentation -- Introduction -- Straight-and-Level Flight -- Pitch Control -- Attitude Indicator -- Altimeter -- Vertical Speed Indicator (VSI) -- Airspeed Indicator (ASI) -- Bank Control -- Attitude Indicator -- Heading Indicator -- Turn Coordinator -- Turn-and-Slip Indicator (Needle and Ball) -- Power Control -- Power Settings -- Airspeed Changes in Straight-and-Level Flight -- Trim Technique -- Common Errors in Straight-and-Level Flight -- Pitch -- Heading -- Power -- Trim -- Straight Climbs and Descents -- Climbs -- Entry -- Leveling Off -- Descents -- Entry -- Leveling Off -- Common Errors in Straight Climbs and Descents -- Turns -- Standard Rate Turns -- Turns to Predetermined Headings -- Timed Turns -- Compass Turns -- Steep Turns -- Climbing and Descending Turns -- Change of Airspeed During Turns -- Common Errors in Turns -- Pitch -- Bank -- Power -- Trim -- Errors During Compass Turns -- Approach to Stall -- Unusual Attitudes and Recoveries -- Recognizing Unusual Attitudes.

Recovery from Unusual Attitudes -- Nose-High Attitudes -- Nose-Low Attitudes -- Common Errors in Unusual Attitudes -- Instrument Takeoff -- Common Errors in Instrument Takeoffs -- Basic Instrument Flight Patterns -- Racetrack Pattern -- Procedure Turn -- Standard 45° Procedure Turn -- 80/260 Procedure Turn -- Teardrop Patterns -- Circling Approach Patterns -- Pattern I -- Pattern II -- Chapter 5 (II) - Airplane Basic Flight Maneuvers: Using an Electronic Flight Display -- Introduction -- Straight-and-Level Flight -- Pitch Control -- Attitude Indicator -- Altimeter -- Partial Panel Flight -- VSI Tape -- Airspeed Indicator (ASI) -- Bank Control -- Attitude Indicator -- Horizontal Situation Indicator (HSI) -- Heading Indicator -- Turn Rate Indicator -- Slip/Skid Indicator -- Power Control -- Power Settings -- Airspeed Changes in Straight-and-Level Flight -- Trim Technique -- Common Errors in Straight-and-Level Flight -- Pitch -- Heading -- Power -- Trim -- Straight Climbs and Descents -- Entry -- Constant Airspeed Climb From Cruise Airspeed -- Constant Airspeed Climb from Established Airspeed -- Constant Rate Climbs -- Leveling Off -- Descents -- Entry -- Leveling Off -- Common Errors in Straight Climbs and Descents -- Turns -- Standard Rate Turns -- Establishing A Standard Rate Turn -- Common Errors -- Turns to Predetermined Headings -- Timed Turns -- Compass Turns -- Steep Turns -- Unusual Attitude Recovery Protection -- Common Errors Leading to Unusual Attitudes -- Instrument Takeoff -- Common Errors in Instrument Takeoffs -- Basic Instrument Flight Patterns -- Chapter 6 - Helicopter Attitude Instrument Flying -- Introduction -- Flight Instruments -- Instrument Flight -- Instrument Cross-Check -- Instrument Interpretation -- Aircraft Control -- Straight-and-Level Flight -- Pitch Control -- Attitude Indicator -- Altimeter.

Vertical Speed Indicator (VSI).