Cover -- Preface -- Dedication -- Table of Contents -- Chapter 1 Introduction -- Part 1 Political Socialization Background -- Chapter 2 Political Socialization Defined: Setting the Context -- Abstract -- Introduction -- The Agents of Socialization -- Education -- Family -- Media/Computer Technology -- Gender -- Region -- Religious Orientations -- Life Cycle and Generations -- References -- Chapter 3 Youth, Peer Culture, and Everyday Political Consciousness -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Reflections -- Peer Group and Socialization -- Research Problems and Research Results -- Political Consciousness, Way of Life, and Adolescent Cultures -- Back to the Roots: Socialization, Contradiction and Consciousness -- References -- Chapter 4 Politics, Education, and Paradigmatic Reconceptualism: US Critical Theory in the 1990s -- Abstract -- The American Educational Scene: Current Contexts -- The Left/Right versus Center Debate -- The Political Economy of Education: Carnoy's and Levin's Perspectives -- The Need for a Theory of the State: Macpherson -- Some Basic and Contrasting Perspectives in American Reconceptualism: Anyon, Apple, and Giroux -- A New Civics and the Hidden Curriculum -- Other Trends in Critical Social Science and Educational Theory -- Some General Observations -- The US: Bowles' and Gintis' Dynamic Views -- The US: Carnoy and Colleagues on the Political Economy of Education -- Critiques of the Reconceptualist Critics from the UK and the US: Cole and Liston -- A Comparative (Swedish) Perspective: Englund -- Ethnography, Critical Studies, and Politics -- Do Current Trends in Critical Educational Theory Parallel and Reinforce or Contradict Recent Developments in US Political Science, Socialization Research and/or Civic Educational Reforms? -- Political Science and Decision Making.

The "Discipline" of Political Science as an Undisciplined Field of Study -- Critical Pedagogy, Political Science, and Political Education: Some Developmental Parallels, Clashes, and Collisions -- A Workable Theory of the State -- Liberal Culture and Everyday Politics -- Politics of/and Education -- Class, Gender, and "Minority" Status -- The Social Dimension of Schooling -- Democratic Personalities in Their Social Contexts -- Ethnography (Cultural Studies) -- Policy Making and Political Socialization -- The Hidden and Explicit Curricula -- Political Education -- Conclusions -- References -- Part 2 Media Use, Government, and Websites -- Chapter 5 Media Use in the United States: Electronic Media Dramatically Up and Print Media Down -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Past and Present: Where Does American Society Stand Today When Compared to the Past? -- Why is American Society Losing Social Capital? -- Television and the Internet: Important Sources of Political Socialization? -- Media Use Patterns: A Profile of American Children -- Media Use Patterns: A Profile of American Adults -- Analysis and Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 6 Participation Friendliness of Political Websites -- Abstract -- Introduction -- General Part -- E-politics -- Believers versus Non-believers -- Believers: Advantages of the Political Internet Compared to Traditional Media -- Non-believers: No Visible Advantages of the Internet Compared to Traditional Media -- Research Results -- Websites in Political Campaigning -- Methodology Part -- Political Participation and Political Websites -- Political Websites -- Participation-friendliness Scheme -- Measurement of Criteria -- Conclusion and Discussion -- Acknowledgements -- Appendix 1. Criteria for the Assessment-Scheme -- Information -- 1.1. Self-Presentation and Public Relations (value 1) -- 1.2. External Information (value 2).

1.3. General/Boulevard Information (value 3) -- 1.4. Political Information for Citizens (value 4) -- 1.5. Political Background Information (value 5) -- Interactivity -- 2.1. Read-Only-Service (value 1) -- 2.2. Read-And-Just-Write-Service (value 2) -- 2.3. Electronic Correspondence (value 3) -- 2.4. Forums, Chat Groups (value 4) -- 2.5. Self-presentation Possibilities (value 5) -- User-friendliness -- 3.1. Actuality (value 1) -- 3.2. Compactness (value 2) -- 3.3. Search/Navigation Assistance (value 3) -- 3.4. Investigation and Documentation Assistance (value 4) -- 3.5. Links (value 5) -- Aesthetics -- 4.1. Humor/Parody (value 1) -- 4.2. Symbols/ Political Propaganda (value 2) -- 4.3. Pictures (value 3) -- 4.4. Visual Appeal/Attractiveness (value 4) -- 4.5. Design/Technology (value 5) -- References -- Chapter 7 Empirical Evaluation of Government and Websites -- Abstract -- User-friendliness for the Citizen -- The Internet and Political Participation -- Assessing Participation-Friendliness of Political Websites -- How Informative are Websites? -- Are the Websites Interactive? -- How User-friendly are the Sites -- Are the Sites Aesthetically Pleasing? -- How Can We Assess Websites? -- Political Websites in Various European Countries -- The European Union Countries -- The United Kingdom -- The Netherlands -- Germany -- Key Findings -- Central and Eastern European Countries -- Russia -- Poland -- Former Yugoslavia -- Ukraine -- Key Findings -- East-West Comparisons -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgement -- References -- Chapter 8 The Internet Upholds the Powers That Be -- Abstract -- Political Socialization -- The Internet and Politics -- Political Internet Sites and Citizens -- Political Party Websites and Their Effectiveness -- The Experiment -- Epilogue and Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Part 3 The Print Press, Broadcasting, and Politics.

Chapter 9 Metaphors in Euroland Press -- Abstract -- Introduction -- What is Metaphor? -- Sample -- Analyzing Political Metaphors -- Results -- Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 10 Press Reporting on the Euro -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Sample -- The Design of the Analysis -- The Results -- Agents by Domain of Activity -- Events by Domain of Activity -- Comparison of These Two Indicators -- Analysis of the Distribution of Meaning by Domain of Activity -- Location of Agents and Events -- Analysis of Distribution of Meaning by Location -- Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 11 The Ukraine Media on the Orange Revolution -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Theoretical Framework -- Crisis -- Transition -- CCC Theory and Method -- Language Complexity -- Metaphor Power -- Modals -- Media -- Case Study: Orange Revolution -- Media During and After the Orange Revolution -- Hypotheses and Expectations -- Selection Criteria -- Metaphor Index -- Modals -- Language Complexity -- Crisis Style Pattern -- Discussion -- References -- Chapter 12 Post-Communist Media in Russia -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Newspapers and Readership -- Television and Its Audience -- Economic Challenges and Struggle for Survival -- State Subsidies and Political Pressures -- The Law on the Press -- Conclusions -- References -- Part 4 Critiques of the Emerging Virtual/Media World -- Chapter 13 Media and Terrorists -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Common Roles, Expectations, Techniques: Mass Media and Terrorism -- International Terrorism Defined and Described -- Media Defined and Described -- Media and Terrorism: Symbiotic Relationships -- The Brigate Rosse and the Moro Case -- The Systemic Relationship Between Terrorism and the Media -- Discussion and Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 14 Democracy and Virtual Politics -- Abstract -- Introduction.

Organization of the Green Party Convention in Baden-Württemberg -- The Participants and Their Experience -- Three Models of Human Agency and the New Information Technology -- Passive Agent -- Rational Actor -- Sovereign Actor -- Baudrillard's Developmental History and Rise of Simulated Politics -- Baudrillard and Poststructuralist Epistemology -- The Three Orders of Appearance -- Technology, Politics, and the "Code" -- Party in the Simulacrum -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 15 The Electronic Media Deficit -- Abstract -- Pervasiveness of Electronic Mass Media -- The Content and Effects of the Electronic Media -- Implications: Need for a Socialization Model for the Electronic Age -- Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 16 Does the Media Reduce Political Participation? -- Abstract -- Background -- Immediate and Long-Term 9/11 Effects -- The 2002 Election -- The 2002 Gallup Survey Results -- The 2002 Election Re-examined -- 2004 Election Resnlts -- Voter Turnout - 2004 -- References -- Note -- Chapter 17 Implications for E-Media, the Press, Government, and Politics in China -- Abstract -- China Enters the Internet Era -- The Internet as the New Political Communication Media -- The Process of Internet Combination with Chinese Politics -- Government Online (1999-2003) -- Service Online 2003-2008) -- Governance Online 2008- -- The Internet's Impact on Chinese Politics -- The Perspective of Western Scholars -- The Perspective of Chinese Scholars -- The Impact of the Internet on Politics: Gift or Curse? -- The Future of Cyber-politics in China -- Enhance the Performance of E-government -- Expand Orderly Civil Online Participation -- Establish E-governance for Social Harmony -- Conclusion -- References -- Index of Subjects -- Index of Names.