Handbook of Moral Motivation: Theories, Models, Applications -- TABLE OF CONTENTS -- INTRODUCTION -- REFERENCES -- MODELS OF MORAL MOTIVATION -- INTRODUCTION -- A STORY TO BEGIN WITH: -- A MISSING FACTOR: THE GOOD, THE BAD AND THE UGLY -- 12 MODELS (OR ELEMENTS OF A RESPECTIVE MODEL) -- Model 1: A Vision as MM -- Model 2: The Moral Act as the Criterion for MM (Kohlberg & Candee) -- Model 3: Deontological and Responsibility Judgment in One as MM -- Model 4: The Component III (of the Four Component) Model of MM -- Model 5: The Self as a Regulating Power in MM -- Model 6: Reconciling Agency and Communion as MM -- Model 7: Forming Intentions and Respective Actions as MM -- Model 8: Moral Emotion Attributions as Indicators for Individual Moral Motivation -- Model 9: Justice Motives as Bridges from the Situation to MM -- Model 10: Informed Social Reflection as MM -- Model 11: Motivation by Content: Moral Motifs as MM -- Model 12: Procedural Morality and MM -- OVERRIDING MORAL MOTIVATIONAL MODEL -- REFERENCES -- AFFILIATION -- PART 1: FOUNDATIONS OF MORAL MOTIVATION -- I. "WHY BE MORAL?" A PHILOSOPHICAL TAXONOMY OF MORAL MOTIVATION -- INTRODUCTION -- WHY BE MORAL? -- The Functions of Conscience -- Moral Motives and Moral Motivation -- MORAL MOTIVATION: ITS SUMMARY AND CONSTITUTIVE CONCEPTIONS -- The Plausibility of a Real Difference -- MORAL MOTIVES: INTERNALIST AND EXTERNALIST PERSPECTIVES -- THE MORAL DOMAIN: CONTENTS AND CORE FEATURES -- TAKING STOCK -- PERSONS IN RELATION -- CONCLUSION -- NOTES -- REFERENCES -- AFFILIATION -- II. MORAL MOTIVATION AND THE FOUR COMPONENT MODEL -- INTRODUCTION -- MORAL MOTIVATION AND REST'S FOUR COMPONENT MODEL -- Moral Motivation in the Rest Model -- Research Programs Influenced by Rest's Component III -- The Professional Role Orientation Inventory (PROI) -- SUMMARY -- A Focus on Development -- A Focus on Education.

An Acknowledgment of Settings -- CONCLUSION -- NOTE -- REFERENCES -- AFFILIATIONS -- III. DEONTIC AND RESPONSIBILITY JUDGMENTS: An Inferential Analysis -- INTRODUCTION -- THE RECEIVED VIEW(S) OF MORAL FUNCTIONING: AGREEMENT ON THE SURFACE, INCONSISTENCIES ON THE GROUND -- THE TRUE PROBLEM OF MORAL RESPONSIBILITY AND THE PARADOX OF MORAL MOTIVATION -- THE INFERENTIAL APPROACH -- INFERENTIAL RECONSTRUCTION OF PHASES OF MORAL FUNCTIONING -- COGNITION AND AFFECTIVITY -- CONCLUSION -- NOTES -- REFERENCES -- AFFILIATION -- IV. MOTIVATION AS THE READINESS TO ACT ON MORAL COMMITMENTS -- INTRODUCTION -- INTENTIONAL STRUCTURES -- Understanding Why -- Understanding How -- INTENTIONAL MODELS OF MORAL MOTIVATION -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- AFFILIATION -- PART 2: MOTIVATIONAL THEORY AND MORAL MOTIVATION -- I. ULTIMATE AND PROXIMAL (ATTRIBUTION-RELATED)MOTIVATIONAL DETERMINANTS OF MORAL BEHAVIOUR -- INTRODUCTION -- DISTAL (ULTIMATE) VERSUS PROXIMAL (IMMEDIATE) MOTIVATORS -- What are the Ultimate (Real) Determinants of Behaviour? -- Genetic Survival -- Survival of the Social System -- PROXIMAL (IMMEDIATE) DETERMINANTS OF MORAL BEHAVIOUR -- ATTRIBUTIONS AND MORAL ACTIONS -- The Structure of Phenomenal Causality -- Relating Causal Structure to Moral Responsibility and Moral Emotions -- Altruistic Actions -- Theoretical Generality -- QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS -- DOUBTS AND UNCERTAINTIES -- Must the Sight of a Person in Need Give Rise to an Attribution Process? Isn't Help Giving an Immediate Reaction without Complex Cognitive and Affective Mediators? -- Given an Attribution for a Need, must that Ascription be Classified According to Controllability? Isn't it the Case that Consequences may be Linked to the Cause Itself?.

Must Perceptions of Control Give Rise to Affects? Must Control be Linked to Anger and Lack of Control to Sympathy ? Can't One be Sympathetic at the Plight of Another Regardless of the Cause and its Controllability? -- Must Anger Give Rise to Anti-Social Reactions (e.g., Neglect) and Sympathy to Pro-Social Behaviour (Altruism and Help-Giving)? Can't One Help Another Even Though Angry or Ignore Another Even Though Sympathetic? -- Can't Parts within this Sequence be Reversed so that, for Example, Affects Produce Attributions? If One is Angry, for Example, Might That Give Rise to Attributions of Responsibility Rather than Vice-Versa? -- Aren't Individual and Cultural Differences Being Neglected? Some People Help more than Others, and in Some Cultures Altruism is More Evident than in Others. -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- AFFILIATION -- II. MORAL MOTIVATION FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF THE SELF-DETERMINATION THEORY AND THE PERSON-OBJECT THEORY OF INTEREST -- INTRODUCTION -- A PSYCHOLOGICAL APPROACH TO INTERPRETING THE CONCEPT OF MORAL MOTIVATION -- A GENERAL MODEL FOR DIFFERENTIATING BETWEEN THEORETICALLY IMPORTANT ASPECTS OF MORAL MOTIVATION -- Acting in Morally Relevant Situations -- The Main Features of a Theoretical Frame Model -- Different Perspectives of Analysis in Psychological Research Approaches -- Summary -- THE THEORETICAL CONCEPTS OF THE SDT AND THE POI WHICH SEEM TO BE RELEVANT FOR A PSYCHOLOGICAL RECONSTRUCTION OF THE CONCEPT OF MORAL MOTIVATION -- (1) A Dynamic Approach to Personality and the Concept of Self -- The Concept of Organismic Integration -- (2) Types of Autonomous Motivation -- Further Questions -- (3) Interest-Based Acquisition of Moral Knowledge -- (4) The Hypothesis of a Dual Regulation System and the Concept of Basic Needs -- (5) The Concept of Basic Needs -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- AFFILIATION.

III. HOW DIFFERENT MOTIVATIONAL ASPECTS CAN AFFECT MORAL BEHAVIOUR -- INTRODUCTION -- WHY DO PEOPLE HELP? -- MOTIVATIONAL ASPECTS FOR MORAL BEHAVIOUR -- Self-Initiated, Spontaneous Activity -- Externally Controlled Activity -- Activity Without Result -- Activity Without Incentives -- Activity does not Influence Result -- Self-Regulated Activity -- Self-Directed Activity -- BULLYING - MOTIVATIONAL ASPECTS FOR IMMORAL BEHAVIOUR -- Bullying is not Self-Initiated, Spontaneous Activity -- Bullying is no Externally Controlled Activity -- Bullying as an Activity Leading to a Result -- Bullying as an Activity with Rewarding Consequences -- Bullying as an Activity Influencing Results -- Bullying as a Self-Regulated Activity and More -- Bullying as a Self-Directed Activity -- CONCLUSION -- Significance for Research -- Significance for Intervention -- REFERENCES -- AFFILIATIONS -- IV. JUSTICE AS A MORAL MOTIVE: Belief in a Just World and Justice Sensitivity as Potential Indicators of the Justice Motive -- INTRODUCTION -- JUSTICE AND MORALITY -- THE JUSTICE MOTIVE -- Refuting Reductionism -- Perceptions of Injustice as Moral Motivation -- Individual Differences in the Justice Motive -- BELIEF IN A JUST WORLD -- Individual Differences in the Belief in a Just World -- Belief in a Just World and Information Processing -- Belief in a Just World and the Justice Motive -- JUSTICE SENSITIVITY -- Four Perspectives on Injustice -- Justice Sensitivity and Information Processing -- Justice Sensitivity and the Justice Motive -- DISCUSSION -- Belief in a Just World and Justice Sensitivity as Indicators of the Justice Motive? -- The Justice Motive and Moral Motivation -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- AFFILIATION -- V. TEMPORAL CONSTRUAL AND MORAL MOTIVATION -- INTRODUCTION -- CONSTRUAL LEVEL THEORY -- EFFECTS OF TEMPORAL DISTANCE ON LEVEL OF ABSTRACTION.

MORAL VALUES AS ABSTRACT MOTIVATIONAL CONSTRUCTS -- THE LINK BETWEEN TEMPORAL DISTANCE AND MORAL MOTIVATION -- TEMPORAL DISTANCE AND CONSTRUAL OF MORAL EVENTS -- TEMPORAL DISTANCE AND THE MOTIVATION TO BLAME MORAL TRANSGRESSORS -- TEMPORAL DISTANCE AND THE MOTIVATION TO ACT MORALLY -- THE MODERATING ROLE OF VALUE STRENGTH -- THE ROLE OF ABSTRACTION IN MORAL MOTIVATION -- PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS -- CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENT -- REFERENCES -- AFFILIATIONS -- PART 3: MORAL SELF, IDENTITY AND MORAL MOTIVATION -- I. MORAL MOTIVATION THROUGH THE PERSPECTIVE OF EXEMPLARITY -- INTRODUCTION -- THE PERSPECTIVE OF EXEMPLARITY -- ALIGNMENT OF MORALITY WITH THE SELF -- DISPOSITIONS VERSUS SITUATIONS -- FOUNDATIONAL CORE OF MORAL FUNCTIONING -- AGENCY AND COMMUNION RECONCILED? -- THE QUEST FOR THE HOLY GRAIL OF INTEGRATION -- THE HIERARCHICAL INTEGRATION OF AGENCY AND COMMUNION -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- AFFILIATION -- II. MORAL MOTIVATION, RESPONSIBILITY AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE MORAL SELF -- INTRODUCTION -- INTEGRATING SELF AND MORALITY: THE CHALLENGE -- THE MORAL SELF AS INTENTIONAL, VOLITIONAL AND IDENTIFIED AGENT -- The Moral Self as Intentional Agent -- The Moral Self as Volitional Agent -- The Moral Self as Identified Agent -- THREE LAYERS IN THE DEVELOPMENTOF MORAL SELFHOOD -- MORAL RESPONSIBILITY AND THE INTEGRATION OF SELF AND MORALITY: COMPARING DIFFERENT MODELS -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- AFFILIATION -- III. THE SELF AND THE MANAGEMENT OF THE MORAL LIFE -- INTRODUCTION -- THE NOTION OF SELF-MANAGEMENT -- THE MANY TASKS OF MANAGING ONE'S MORAL LIFE -- Formulating Moral Judgments -- From Moral Judgment to Moral Action -- The Moral Life -- THE ROLE OF THE SELF IN MANAGING ONE'S MORAL LIFE -- CONCLUSION -- NOTES -- REFERENCES -- AFFILIATION -- IV. PRACTICAL MYSTICISM, SELF-KNOWING AND MORAL MOTIVATION -- INTRODUCTION.

CASE STUDIES: MORE AND BONHOEFFER.