Chapter I: THE INFLUENCE OF NON-METALS ON THE TECHNOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF NON-FERROUS METALS -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Oxygen -- 2.1 Oxygen in copper -- 2.2 Oxygen in aluminium -- 2.3 Oxygen in lead -- 2.4 Oxygen in titanium -- 2.5 Oxygen in zirconium -- 2.6 Oxygen in niobium and tantalum -- 2.7 Oxygen in molybdenum and tungsten -- 3. Nitrogen -- 3.1 Nitrogen in titanium and zirconium -- 3.2 Nitrogen in niobium -- 3.3 Nitrogen in tantalum -- 3.4 Nitrogen in molybdenum -- 3.5 Nitrogen in tungsten -- 4. Carbon -- 4.1 Carbon in aluminium -- 4.2 Carbon in copper -- 4.3 Carbon in nickel -- 4.4 Carbon in titanium -- 4.5 Carbon in zirconium -- 4.6 Carbon in niobium -- 4.7 Carbon in tantalum -- 4.8 Carbon in molybdenum -- 4.9 Carbon in tungsten -- 5. Boron -- 5.1 Boron in zircaloy and aluminium for nuclear purposes -- 5.2 Boron as grain refiner in Al-Mg alloys -- 6. Sulphur -- 6.1 Sulphur in copper -- 6.2 Sulphur in nickel -- 7. Phosphorus -- 8. References -- Chapter II: GENERALITIES ON NUCLEAR METHODS -- 1. Neutron activation analysis -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Activation analysis with reactor neutrons -- 1.3 Activation analysis with 14 MeV neutrons -- 2. Charged particle activation analysis -- 2.1 Nuclear reactions -- 2.2 Stopping power and range -- 2.3 Standardization -- 2.4 Samples and standards -- 2.5 Irradiation -- 2.6 Influence of radionuclides formed at the surface -- 2.7 Chemical separation of the radionuclides produced -- 2.8 Determination of the induced activity -- 2.9 Calculations -- 3. Photon activation analysis -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Gamma photon generators -- 3.3 Standardization -- 3.4 Nuclear reactions -- 3.5 Nuclear interferences -- 3.6 Theoretical possibilities -- 3.7 Irradiation facilities -- 3.8 Radiochemical separation -- 3.9 Specific advantages of the method -- 4. References -- Chapter III: SAMPLE PREPARATION AND SURFACE ANALYSIS.

1. Introduction -- 2. Measurement of surface concentrations -- 2.1 Principle of the method -- 2.2 Nuclear reactions -- 2.3 Standardization -- 2.4 Comment -- 3. Mechanical shaping of analysis samples -- 3.1 Rough preparation of the analytical sample -- 3.2 Final shaping of the sample -- 4. Shaping of large series of samples -- 5. Chemical etching -- 6. Recommended procedures -- 6.1 Primary ingot aluminium -- 6.2 Aluminium-silicon alloys -- 6.3 Aluminium-magnesium alloys -- 6.4 Copper -- 6.5 Brass -- 6.6 Lead and lead alloys -- 6.7 Nickel -- 6.8 Titanium and TiAl6V4-alloy -- 6.9 Zirconium -- 6.10 Molybdenum -- 6.11 Tungsten -- 6.12 Niobium -- 6.13 Tantalum -- 7. References -- Chapter IV: THE DETERMINATION OF BORON -- 1. Chemical methods -- 1.1 The determination of boron in aluminium -- 1.2 The determination of boron in zirconium and zircaloy -- 2. Charged particle activation analysis -- 2.1 Nuclear reactions -- 2.2 Standards -- 2.3 The determination of boron in aluminium and aluminium-magnesium alloys -- 2.4 The determination of boron in zirconium and zircaloy -- 3. Evaluation of methods -- 3.1 The determination of boron in aluminium -- 3.2 The determination of boron in aluminium-magnesium alloys -- 3.3 The determination of boron in zirconium and zircaloy -- 4. References -- Chapter V: THE DETERMINATION OF CARBON -- 1. Chemical methods -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 The determination of carbon in aluminium -- 1.3 The determination of carbon in titanium, zirconium and zircaloy -- 1.4 The determination of carbon in niobium, tantalum, molybdenum and tungsten -- 1.5 The determination of carbon in copper -- 1.6 The determination of carbon in nickel -- 2. Charged particle activation analysis -- 2.1 Nuclear reactions -- 2.2 The determination of carbon in aluminium -- 2.3 The determination of carbon in nickel.

2.4 The determination of carbon in zirconium and zircaloy -- 2.5 The determination of carbon in niobium and tantalum -- 2.6 The determination of carbon in molybdenum and tungsten -- 3. Photon activation analysis -- 3.1 The determination of carbon in sodium -- 3.2 The determination of carbon in aluminium -- 3.3 The determination of carbon in nickel -- 3.4 The determination of carbon in refractory metals -- 3.5 Other examples of carbon determinations in non-ferrous metals -- 4. Evaluation of methods -- 4.1 The determination of carbon in aluminium -- 4.2 The determination of carbon in zirconium and zircaloy -- 4.3 The determination of carbon in molybdenum and tungsten -- 5. References -- Chapter VI: THE DETERMINATION OF NITROGEN -- 1. Chemical methods -- 1.1 The determination of nitrogen in zirconium and its alloys -- 1.2 The determination of nitrogen in titanium and its alloys -- 1.3 The determination of nitrogen in niobium and tantalum -- 1.4 The determination of nitrogen in molybdenum and tungsten -- 1.5 The determination of nitrogen in nickel -- 2. Charged particle activation analysis -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Nuclear reactions -- 2.3 The determination of nitrogen in titanium and its alloys -- 2.4 The determination of nitrogen in nickel -- 2.5 The determination of nitrogen in zirconium and zircaloy -- 2.6 The determination of nitrogen in niobium and tantalum -- 2.7 The determination of nitrogen in molybdenum and tungsten -- 3. Proton activation analysis -- 3.1 The determination of nitrogen in sodium -- 3.2 The determination of nitrogen in aluminium -- 3.3 The determination of nitrogen in nickel -- 3.4 The determination of nitrogen in refractory metals -- 3.5 Other examples of nitrogen determinations in non-ferrous metals -- 4. Evaluation of methods -- 4.1 The determination of nitrogen in zirconium and zircaloy.

4.2 The determination of nitrogen in titanium and TiAl6V4-alloy -- 4.3 The determination of nitrogen in molybdenum and tungsten -- 4.4 The determination of nitrogen in nickel -- 5. References -- Chapter VII: THE DETERMINATION OF OXYGEN -- 1. Chemical methods -- 1.1 The determination of oxygen in aluminium -- 1.2 The determination of oxygen in aluminium alloys -- 1.3 The determination of oxygen in copper -- 1.4 The determination of oxygen in copper alloys -- 1.5 The determination of oxygen in lead -- 1.6 The determination of oxygen in lead alloys -- 1.7 The determination of oxygen in nickel -- 1.8 The determination of oxygen in zirconium, titanium and their alloys -- 1.9 The determination of oxygen in niobium and tantalum -- 1.10 The determination of oxygen in molybdenum -- 1.11 The determination of oxygen in tungsten -- 2. 14 MeV neutron activation analysis -- 2.1 Nuclear reactions -- 2.2 Apparatus -- 2.3 Irradiation and measuring conditions -- 2.4 Samples, standards and flux monitors -- 2.5 Sources of errors -- 2.6 Precision and sensitivity -- 2.7 Results -- 3. Charged particle activation analysis -- 3.1 Nuclear reactions -- 3.2 The chemical separation of 18F -- 3.3 The determination of oxygen in aluminium -- 3.4 The determination of oxygen in titanium, zirconium and their alloys -- 3.5 The determination of oxygen in nickel -- 3.6 The determination of oxygen in copper -- 3.7 The determination of oxygen in molybdenum and tungsten -- 3.8 The determination of oxygen in tantalum -- 3.9 The determination of oxygen in lead -- 4. Photon activation analysis -- 4.1 The determination of oxygen in sodium -- 4.2 The determination of oxygen in aluminium -- 4.3 The determination of oxygen in nickel and copper -- 4.4 The determination of oxygen in refractory metals -- 4.5 The determination of oxygen in lead and its alloys.

4.6 Other examples of oxygen determinations in non-ferrous metals -- 5. Evaluation of methods -- 5.1 The determination of oxygen in aluminium -- 5.2 The determination of oxygen in copper -- 5.3 The determination of oxygen in lead and its alloys -- 5.4 The determination of oxygen in nickel -- 5.5 The determination of oxygen in titanium, zirconium and their alloys -- 5.6 The determination of oxygen in niobium and tantalum -- 5.7 The determination of oxygen in molybdenum -- 5.8 The determination of oxygen in tungsten -- 6. References -- Chapter VIII: THE DETERMINATION OF PHOSPHORUS -- 1. Chemical methods -- 2. Charged particle activation analysis -- 2.1 Nuclear reactions -- 2.2 Experimental procedure for the determination of phosphorus in aluminium alloys -- 2.3 Results and discussion -- 3. Neutron activation analysis -- 3.1 Nuclear reactions -- 3.2 Applications -- 3.3 The determination of phosphorus in aluminium-silicon alloy -- 3.4 The determination of phosphorus (and sulphur) in copper and nickel -- 4. Evaluation of methods -- 5. References -- Chapter IX: THE DETERMINATION OF SULPHUR -- 1. Chemical methods -- 1.1 The determination of sulphur in copper -- 1.2 The determination of sulphur in nickel -- 2. Charged particle activation analysis -- 2.1 Nuclear reactions -- 2.2 Experimental procedure for the determination of sulphur in copper and nickel -- 2.3 Results and discussion -- 3. Neutron activation analysis -- 3.1 Nuclear reactions -- 3.2 Applications -- 4. Evaluation of methods -- 5. References -- Appendix -- Subject index.