Contents -- 1. How the Brain Works: Structure and Function -- Three Biological Perspectives -- 2. The Simplest Nervous Systems: Neurons, Nerve Nets, and Behavior -- Unicellular Organisms: Behaviors Essential for Survival -- Animals without Neurons: Independent Effectors -- The First Nervous System: Hydra's Body and Behavior -- Sensory Neurons: Functional Polarity of Dendrites and Axon -- Motoneurons: Another Distinct Neuronal Type -- Nerve Nets: Amacrine Processes and Activity Patterns -- Intemeurons: Sign Switchers and Pattern Generators -- Overview: Evolution of Architecture, Not Building Blocks -- 3. Centralization and Symmetry: Ganglia and Nerves -- Flatworms: Bilaterally Symmetrical Predators -- Segmented Worms: Internal Ventral Nerve Cord -- More Evolved Invertebrates -- Overview: Polarity, Regionalization, Bilateral Symmetry, Segments -- 4. The Basic Vertebrate Plan: Nervous System Topology -- Embryological Perspectives -- Earliest Stages of Mammalian Development -- Neural Plate: Brain and Spinal Cord -- Neural Tube: Transverse Brain Divisions -- Neural Crest and Placodes: Peripheral Nervous System -- Generating Neuronal Cell Types and Groups: Longitudinal Brain Divisions -- A Nervous System Fate Map -- Overview: Parts of the Nervous System -- 5. Brain and Behavior: A Four Systems Network Model -- Reflex and Voluntary Control of Behavior -- Behavioral State Control -- Feedback -- Topography versus Systems -- Overview: Defining Each System -- 6. The Motor System: Coordinating External and Internal Behaviors -- Motoneuron Classes -- Introduction to the Somatomotor System: Flexion -- Distribution of Somatomotor Neuron Pools -- Central Pattern Generators: Sets of Motoneuron Pools -- Pattern Initiators and Controllers: Drive and Motivation -- The Autonomic Motor System -- The Neuroendocrine Motor System.

The Cerebellum: Motor Coordination and Learning -- Overview: Integration within and between Motor Systems -- 7. The Behavioral State System: Intrinsic Control of Sleep and Wakefulness -- Circadian Rhythms: The Day-Night Cycle -- Reproductive Cycles -- Sleep-Wake Cycles -- Modulating Behavioral State -- 8. The Cognitive System: Thinking and Voluntary Control of Behavior -- Cerebral Cortex Regionalization -- Cortical Cellular Organization -- Cortical Projections -- The Cerebral Nuclei -- Triple Descending Projection from Cerebrum -- 9. The Sensory System: Inputs from the Environment and the Body -- Evolution and Development of Sensory Neurons -- Overview of Sensory Neurons -- Overview of Sensory Pathways -- Forebrain Sensory Systems: Olfactory, Visual, Humoral, and Osmotic -- Ganglion Cell Sensory Systems: Submodalities -- Affect: Pain and Pleasure, Emotion, and Mood -- 10. Modifiability: Learning, Stress, Cycles, and Damage Repair -- Learning: Changing Synaptic Strength -- Stress: Biochemical Switching -- Cycles: Circadian and Reproductive -- Damage Repair: Regrowth -- 11. Gene Networks: Relationship to Neural Networks -- Appendices -- A. Describing Position in the Animal Body -- B. Naming and Classifying Nervous System Parts -- C. Methods for Analyzing Brain Architecture -- Glossary -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- L -- M -- N -- P -- S -- T -- V -- W -- Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- Q -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- Y.