Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- About the Editors -- About the Contributors -- Preface -- Chapter 1 What We Have Learned about Memory from Neuroimaging -- Introduction -- Theoretical Concepts That are Difficult to Measure Behaviorally, e.g., Retrieval States -- Supplementing Behavioral Dissociations with Neuroimaging Dissociations, e.g., Dual-Process Theories -- Inferring Memory Processes Directly from Local Brain Activity (Reverse Inference) -- Anatomical and Functional Scale, High-Resolution fMRI, and Contact with Animal Models -- Multivariate Pattern Analysis: Processes Versus Representations? -- Functional and Effective Connectivity in Memory, e.g., within MTL -- Closing the Loop: Inferring Causality from Neuroimaging Data -- Conclusion -- Note -- References -- Chapter 2 Activation and Information in Working Memory Research -- Introduction -- Activation and Information in the Interpretation of Physiological Signals -- The signal-intensity assumption -- Information-based analyses -- Implications of MVPA for ROI-Based Analyses -- Limitations and Outstanding Questions -- Necessity -- Sensitivity -- Localized versus anatomically distributed -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 3 The Outer Limits of Implicit Memory -- Introduction -- Implicit Memory Concerns a Wide Range of Behaviors Measured in a Variety of Tasks -- Implicit Memory Can Occur During Recollection Involving Long-term Semantic Memory -- Implicit Memory Can Co-occur with Familiarity and Recollection in Explicit Tasks -- Implicit Memory Concerns Many Stimulus Categories, Including Novel Objects and Words -- Implicit Memory is not Necessarily Short-Lived -- Implicit Memory is Supported by a Variety of Brain Regions, Even those that are Strongly Linked to Explicit Memory -- Conclusions -- References.

Chapter 4 The Neural Bases of Conceptual Knowledge: Revisiting a Golden Age Hypothesis in the Era of Cognitive Neuroscience -- Introduction -- Contemporary Support for the Golden Age Hypothesis -- The Broader Architecture of the Cortical Semantic Network -- The tripartite view: organization by modality and hemisphere -- The many-hubs view: organization by multiple domain-specific convergence zones -- The single-hub view: organization by a bilateral domain-general convergence zone -- A Critical Appraisal and Comparison of the Three Views -- Explaining domain- and modality-general semantic impairments -- Explaining modality-specific impairments -- Explaining category-specific patterns of impairment and functional activation -- Conclusions and Open Questions -- References -- Chapter 5 Encoding and Retrieval in Episodic Memory: Insights from fMRI -- Introduction -- Theoretical Framework -- Empirical Findings -- Encoding -- Positive subsequent memory effects -- Negative subsequent memory effects -- Retrieval -- Content-sensitive recollection effects -- Concluding Comments -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 6 Medial Temporal Lobe Subregional Function in Human Episodic Memory: Insights from High-Resolution fMRI -- Introduction -- What is High Resolution When it Comes to Human MTL Imaging? -- Anatomically Derived Theories of MTL Subregional Function -- Empirical Evidence for Content-Based Dissociations between Human MTL Subregions -- Differentiation of Function between Hippocampal Subfields -- Hippocampal subregional contributions to episodic encoding and retrieval -- Pattern separation and completion -- Hippocampus as a comparator -- Limitations and Future Directions for High-Resolution fMRI of Human MTL -- Concluding Remarks -- References -- Chapter 7 Memory Retrieval and the Functional Organization of Frontal Cortex -- Introduction.

Venterolateral PFC and the Two-Process Model -- Separable Functional Frontal Networks -- Transient Dynamics within Frontal Networks -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 8 Functional Neuroimaging of False Memories -- Introduction -- False Memory Paradigms -- Neuroimaging of False Memories -- Retrieval studies -- Encoding studies -- Unrelated false memory studies -- Developmental studies -- Conclusions and Future Directions -- Acknowledgments -- Note -- References -- Chapter 9 Déjà Vu: A Window into Understanding the Cognitive Neuroscience of Familiarity -- Recognition Memory and the Medial Temporal Lobes -- Déjà Vu: Some Basic Considerations -- Studies of Déjà Vu in Healthy Individuals -- Déjà Vu in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy -- Phenomenology -- Neural correlates -- Behavioral correlates -- Implications and Conclusions -- Mechanisms of déjà vu in perirhinal cortex -- Déjà vu as a conflict between competing medial temporal lobe memory signals -- Distinct familiarity signals for different visual stimulus categories in the medial temporal lobes? -- Summary -- References -- Chapter 10 Medial Temporal Lobe Contributions to Memory and Perception: Evidence from Amnesia -- Introduction -- Neuroanatomy of the MTL -- What Nonhuman Primate Lesion Studies Can Tell Us About MTL Function -- The Hippocampus and Perception -- Evidence from Neuropsychological Studies in Humans -- Addressing Criticisms of a Perceptual Role for MTL Regions -- Implications of the MTL's Involvement in Perception -- References -- Chapter 11 The Memory Function of Sleep: How the Sleeping Brain Promotes Learning -- Introduction -- Sleep stages -- Stages and types of memory -- Sleep Enhances Declarative Memories -- Sleep and memory for verbal stimuli -- Sleep and memory for picture stimuli -- Sleep and spatial memory -- Summary -- Sleep Enhances Emotional Memories.

Sleep and memory for emotional verbal stimuli -- Sleep and memory for emotional picture stimuli -- Summary -- Sleep Enhances Procedural Memories -- Sleep and texture-discrimination performance -- Sleep and finger-tapping performance -- Task complexity and individual differences -- Summary -- How the Sleeping Brain Impacts Memory -- Brain activation during sleep -- The electrophysiology of sleep -- Changes in neurochemicals during sleep -- Summary -- Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 12 Memory Reconsolidation -- Introduction -- Memory Consolidation -- Retrieval-Induced Amnesia and the Case for Reconsolidation -- Reconsolidation and a Recovered Memory Model -- Criteria for Reconsolidation -- The Study of Memory Reconsolidation in Humans -- Interference-Based Paradigms -- Procedural memory -- Episodic memory -- Fear conditioning -- Interim summary -- Physiological Manipulations -- Pharmacological manipulations -- Stress -- Summary and Future Directions -- Notes -- References -- Chapter 13 Neural Correlates of Autobiographical Memory: Methodological Considerations -- Introduction -- Neural Correlates Supporting Autobiographical Memory Retrieval -- Eliciting Autobiographical Memories in the Scanning Environment -- Generic cues -- Pre-scan interview -- Independent sources method -- Prospective method -- Analysis Methods Relevant to Autobiographical Memory -- General linear model -- Parametric approach -- Multivariate approaches -- Conclusions and Future Directions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 14 Contributions of Episodic Memory to Imagining the Future -- Introduction -- Episodic Memory as a Constructive Process -- Memory and Imagination -- Differences Between Remembering and Imagining -- The Hippocampus and Episodic Simulation of the Future -- Functions of Imagining the Future -- Summary -- References.

Chapter 15 Episodic Memory Across the Lifespan: General Trajectories and Modifiers -- Introduction -- Em Across the Lifespan: General Trajectories -- Evidence for memory improvement in children -- Evidence for memory decline in older adults -- Neural evidence from child development -- Neural evidence from aging -- EM Across the Lifespan: Modifiers -- Parental style -- Vascular health -- Physical fitness -- Individual differences in memory training gains -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 16 The Development of Episodic Memory: Evidence from Event-Related Potentials -- Introduction -- Event-Related Potential Measures of Episodic Memory -- The Development of Episodic Recognition -- The Development of Recollection -- The Development of Familiarity -- The Impact of Infant Febrile Seizures on the Development of Recognition Memory -- Retrieval Control Processes -- Relationship to Other Neuroscientific Developmental Memory Studies -- Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 17 Episodic Memory in Healthy Older Adults: The Role of Prefrontal and Parietal Cortices -- Introduction -- Prefrontal Cortex -- Anatomy -- Age-related changes in PFC function and episodic memory encoding -- Age-related changes in PFC function and episodic memory retrieval -- Parietal Cortex -- Anatomy -- Age-related changes in parietal function and episodic memory encoding -- Age-related changes in parietal function and episodic memory retrieval -- General Summary of Age-related Changes in PFC and Parietal Function -- Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 18 Relational Memory and its Relevance to Aging -- Introduction -- Testing Relational Memory -- Prefrontal Cortex and Medial Temporal Lobe Contributions to Explicit Relational Memory -- Prefrontal cortex and explicit relational memory -- Medial temporal lobe and explicit relational memory.

Age-related neural changes during tasks of ERM.