Cover -- Contents -- List of Tables, Figures, and Boxes -- Foreword -- Acknowledgments -- Abbreviations -- Energy Conversion Factors -- Executive Summary -- Chapter 1: Introduction -- Context -- Message -- Chapter 2: Regional Cooperation and Energy Trade -- Regional Cooperation -- Regional Public Goods -- The Benefits of Regional Energy Trade -- Examples of Benefits of Cooperation in Energy -- Chapter 3: The SAARC Energy Sector: An Overview -- Social and Economic Indicators -- Energy Reserves in the SAARC Region -- Current Energy Scenario in the SAARC Region -- Commercial Energy Supply Features -- Key Challenges and Issues Faced by the SAARC Energy Sector -- Future Energy Demand and Supply in the SAARC Region -- Likely Gains from Energy Trade Arrangements -- Need for Harmonization of Legal and Regulatory Frameworks -- Conclusion -- Chapter 4: Current Regional Energy Trade and Its Prospects -- Introduction -- Existing Trade of Petroleum Products -- India-Bhutan Electricity Trade -- Nepal-India Electricity Trade -- India-Bangladesh Electricity Trade -- India-Pakistan Electricity Trade -- India-Sri Lanka Electricity Trade -- Potential Areas for Cooperation in Regional Energy Trade -- Interregional Energy Trade Opportunities -- Iran-Pakistan-India Natural Gas Pipeline -- Opportunities for Energy Imports from Myanmar -- Central Asia-South Asia Power Transmission Project -- Turkmenistan-Afghanistan-Pakistan-India Natural Gas Pipeline -- Additional Energy Trade Options -- Conclusion -- Chapter 5: Regional Power Market -- Introduction -- Indian Power Market -- Developing a Regional Power Market -- Implementation Approach -- Chapter 6: Regional Refinery -- Introduction -- Regional Refinery Justification -- Expected Refinery Performance -- Refinery Implementation -- Chapter 7: Regional Liquefied Natural Gas Terminal -- Introduction.

Liquefied Natural Gas Value Chain -- Relevance of Liquefied Natural Gas to the SAARC Region -- Commercial Arrangements -- Chapter 8: Regional Power Plant -- Introduction -- Power Plant Economics -- Implementation Issues -- Power Interconnections -- Chapter 9: Nonconventional Renewable Energy -- Introduction -- Key Nonconventional Renewable Energy Issues -- Tariff Incentive Improvement -- Technology Improvement -- Scope for Smart Grids -- Conclusion -- Chapter 10: Scope for Private Sector Participation -- Introduction -- Private Sector Participation in Electricity Generation -- Private Sector Participation in Energy Transmission -- Conclusion -- Chapter 11: Conclusions and Recommendations -- SAARC Regional Trade and Cooperation Agreement -- Harmonizing Legal and Regulatory Frameworks -- Developing Energy Database -- Financing Mechanisms -- Enhancing Institutional Capacity -- Project Activities -- Annexes -- Annex 1: SAARC Energy Sector Institutional, Legal, and Regulatory Frameworks -- Annex 2: Southern African Power Pool -- References -- Tables -- 1 Estimated Capacity Shortages -- 2 Key Socioeconomic Indicators for the SAARC Region -- 3 Energy Reserves of SAARC Member States -- 4 Reserves to Production Ratio, 2007 -- 5 Natural Gas Demand Supply Position, 2006 -- 6 Commercial Energy Supply of SAARC Member States, 2006 -- 7 Projected Commercial Energy Supply -- 8 Projected Electricity Demand -- 9 Key Features of the Legal and Regulatory Frameworks in SAARC Member States -- 10 Gross Refinery Margin -- 11 Gross Annual Revenue Accruing to Refinery -- 12 Net Annual Revenue Generated from Refinery -- 13 Comparison of Liquefied Natural Gas-Based and Diesel-Based Power Generation Costs -- 14 Comparison of Liquefied Natural Gas-Based and Imported Coal-Based Electricity Generation Costs -- 15 Basic Power Plant Assumptions.

16 Purchase Tariff for Nonconventional Renewable Energy-Based Electricity Generation -- Figures -- 1 Net Petroleum Imports against Total Consumption in South Asia, 2007 -- 2 Per Capita Commercial Energy Consumption, 2006 -- 3 Relative Contribution of Sources to National Energy Consumption -- 4 Electricity Shortages in SAARC Countries, 2006 -- 5 Dependence on Traditional Fuels -- 6 Commercial Energy Supply Mix of SAARC Member States, 2006 -- 7 Commercial Energy Demand Growth in India -- 8 Commercial Energy Supply Growth in Pakistan -- 9 Consumption of Natural Gas in Pakistan, 2006 -- 10 Commercial Energy Supply in Bangladesh -- 11 Sector Consumption of Natural Gas in Bangladesh -- 12 Fuel Mix in Bangladesh Electricity Generation, 2006 -- 13 Nepal-India Electricity Trade -- 14 Typical Indian Power Exchange Day Ahead Market Operation -- 15 Petroleum Product Consumption Profile -- 16 Typical Large-Scale Refinery Flow -- 17 Elements of the Liquefied Natural Gas Value Chain -- 18 Typical Liquefied Natural Gas Receiving Terminal -- 19 Wind Turbine Capacity Development -- 20 Typical Location of Embedded Power Generation -- 21 Typical Thermal Power Plant Build-Own-Transfer Structure -- 22 Build-Own-Transfer Project Risk Perceptions -- 23 Financial Structure of the Theun-Hinboun Power Company -- 24 Possible Financing Structure of the Proposed India-Pakistan-India Natural Gas Pipeline -- A2 Hierarchical Structure of the Southern African Power Pool -- Boxes -- 1 Indonesia-Malaysia-Singapore Natural Gas Pipeline -- 2 The Energy Charter Treaty.