Title Page -- TABLE OF CONTENTS -- INTRODUCTION -- CHAPTER TWO -- PART I DEMOCRACY: A MULTIDSICIPLINARY CONCEPT -- CHAPTER THREE -- Empirical Patterns: Africa's Partial Democratization1 -- Figure 3.1: Democratic Progress in Africa -- Figure 3.2: Democratic Consolidation among Africa -- Democracies -- Figure 3.3: Successful Consolidations among New Democracies -- Figure 3.4: Setback countries -- Figure 3.5: Still Births: Non-Democratizing Countries -- Table 3.1. Categories of Democratic Experiments in Africa (as of end 2003) -- What Differentiates the Categories of African Democratic Experiments? -- Table 3.2. Variability among Categories of Democratic Experiment -- An Additional Hypothesis: Democracy as Export -- Table 3.3.: Regression Analysis -- Conclusions -- Notes and references -- CHAPTER FOUR -- Historical background -- Current Picture -- Figure 4.1: Adult literacy rate by sex in sub Saharan Africa -- Africa's challenges to universal literacy and democracy -- Language and culture -- A framework to advance literacy and democracy -- Conclusion -- CHAPTER FIVE -- OVERVIEW -- Research overview -- Table 5.1: Principal and official languages in selected African states -- THE LANGUAGE ECOLOGY IN AFRICA -- TOWARDS THE ARTICULATION OF JUDICIOUS POLICIES -- Expansion of African linguistic markets -- Facilitation of knowledge production -- Eradication of illiteracy -- Table 5.2: Adult (15+) Literacy Rates by Region and Gender for 2000- 2004 -- Table 5.3: Adult (15+) Literacy rates by sex per African states, 1990 - 2004 -- Development of participatory democracy -- Conclusion -- Notes and References -- CHAPTER SIX -- Introduction -- What 'globalization' means and what it does not -- Language vitality in Sub-Saharan Africa: A historical perspective -- Lessons from South Africa -- Conclusions -- Notes and References -- CHAPTER SEVEN.

Colonialism and Its Impact on African state -- Democracy, Governance and Africa's Reality. -- Conclusion: -- Notes and References -- PART II: CASE STUDIES -- CHAPTER EIGHT -- Multiparty Elections and Women's Participation -- Political Gains for Women -- Beyond Numbers -- Constraints -- Conclusion -- Notes and References -- CHAPTER NINE -- Background -- Women Movements, Organizations and NGOs -- Cultural hindrance -- Achievement of Affirmative Action -- Women Representation and Electoral system -- A Statement of Specific Goals and Objectives of the Research -- Results and Conclusions of the Study -- CHAPTER TEN -- The Democratic Tanzania -- SAP, Role of the State and Democracy -- Table 10.1.: Real GDP Growth for the Years 1988-1995 in Tanzania -- Table 10. 2.: Real GDP Growth for the Years 1996-2005 in Tanzania -- Figure 10.1: Trends of external trade 1986-2001 -- Table 10.3.: FDI Inflow to Tanzania 1994-1999 -- Development and Democracy -- Conclusion -- Notes and References -- CHAPTER ELEVEN -- Freedom of Expression as bedrock of development. -- "Monga - Njawe Affair 1991" -- Trailblazing Mavericks of the press -- Continuity and Change -- Conclusion -- CHAPTER TWELVE -- Democracy and Democratization in Africa: An overview -- Figure 12.1: Freedom in sub Saharan Africa 1980-2006 -- III. Democratic Experience in Angola, Mali, South Africa, Tanzania and Zimbabwe -- Table 12.1: Democratic scores of Angola, Mali, South Africa, Tanzania and Zimbabwe 1980- 2006 -- CHAPTER THIRTEEN -- The Road Ahead: A Conclusion -- ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS -- ABOUT THE AUTHORS -- SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY -- Index.