Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Preface -- 1 Elementary Continuous-Time and Discrete-Time Signals and Systems -- Systems in Engineering -- Functions of Time as Signals -- Transformations of the Time Variable -- Periodic Signals -- Exponential Signals -- Periodic Complex Exponential and Sinusoidal Signals -- Finite-Energy and Finite-Power Signals -- Even and Odd Signals -- Discrete-Time Impulse and Step Signals -- Generalized Functions -- System Models and Basic Properties -- Summary -- To Probe Further -- Exercises -- 2 Linear Time-Invariant Systems -- Discrete-Time LTI Systems: The Convolution Sum -- Continuous-Time LTI Systems: The Convolution Integral -- Properties of Linear Time-Invariant Systems -- Summary -- To Probe Further -- Exercises -- 3 Differential and Difference LTI Systems -- Causal LTI Systems Described by Differential Equations -- Causal LTI Systems Described by Difference Equations -- Impulse Response of a Differential LTI System -- Impulse Response of a Difference LTI System -- Characteristic Polynomials and Stability of Differential and Difference Systems -- Time Constant and Natural Frequency of a First-Order LTI Differential System -- Eigenfunctions of LTI Difference and Differential Systems -- Summary -- To Probe Further -- Exercises -- 4 Fourier Series Representation of Periodic Continuous-Time Signals -- Linear Combinations of Harmonically Related Complex Exponentials -- Determination of the Fourier Series Representation of a Continuous-Time Periodic Signal -- Graph of the Fourier Series Coefficients: The Line Spectrum -- Properties of Continuous-Time Fourier Series -- Fourier Series of a Periodic Rectangular Wave -- Optimality and Convergence of the Fourier Series -- Existence of a Fourier Series Representation -- Gibbs Phenomenon -- Fourier Series of a Periodic Train of Impulses -- Parseval Theorem -- Power Spectrum.

Total Harmonic Distortion -- Steady-State Response of an LTI System to a Periodic Signal -- Summary -- To Probe Further -- Exercises -- 5 The Continuous-Time Fourier Transform -- Fourier Transform as the Limit of a Fourier Series -- Properties of the Fourier Transform -- Examples of Fourier Transforms -- The Inverse Fourier Transform -- Duality -- Convergence of the Fourier Transform -- The Convolution Property in the Analysis of LTI Systems -- Fourier Transforms of Periodic Signals -- Filtering -- Summary -- To Probe Further -- Exercises -- 6 The Laplace Transform -- Definition of the Two-Sided Laplace Transform -- Inverse Laplace Transform -- Convergence of the Two-Sided Laplace Transform -- Poles and Zeros of Rational Laplace Transforms -- Properties of the Two-Sided Laplace Transform -- Analysis and Characterization of LTI Systems Using the Laplace Transform -- Definition of the Unilateral Laplace Transform -- Properties of the Unilateral Laplace Transform -- Summary -- To Probe Further -- Exercises -- 7 Application of the Laplace Transform to LTI Differential Systems -- The Transfer Function of an LTI Differential System -- Block Diagram Realizations of LTI Differential Systems -- Analysis of LTI Differential Systems with Initial Conditions Using the Unilateral Laplace Transform -- Transient and Steady-State Responses of LTI Differential Systems -- Summary -- To Probe Further -- Exercises -- 8 Time and Frequency Analysis of BIBO Stable, Continuous-Time LTI Systems -- Relation of Poles and Zeros of the Transfer Function to the Frequency Response -- Bode Plots -- Frequency Response of First-Order Lag, Lead, and Second-Order Lead-Lag Systems -- Frequency Response of Second-Order Systems -- Step Response of Stable LTI Systems -- Ideal Delay Systems -- Group Delay -- Non-Minimum Phase and All-Pass Systems -- Summary -- To Probe Further -- Exercises.

9 Application of Laplace Transform Techniques to Electric Circuit Analysis -- Review of Nodal Analysis and Mesh Analysis of Circuits -- Transform Circuit Diagrams: Transient and Steady-State Analysis -- Operational Amplifier Circuits -- Summary -- To Probe Further -- Exercises -- 10 State Models of Continuous-Time LTI Systems -- State Models of Continuous-Time LTI Differential Systems -- Zero-State Response and Zero-Input Response of a Continuous-Time State-Space System -- Laplace-Transform Solution for Continuous-Time State-Space Systems -- State Trajectories and the Phase Plane -- Block Diagram Representation of Continuous-Time State-Space Systems -- Summary -- To Probe Further -- Exercises -- 11 Application of Transform Techniques to LTI Feedback Control Systems -- Introduction to LTI Feedback Control Systems -- Closed-Loop Stability and the Root Locus -- The Nyquist Stability Criterion -- Stability Robustness: Gain and Phase Margins -- Summary -- To Probe Further -- Exercises -- 12 Discrete-Time Fourier Series and Fourier Transform -- Response of Discrete-Time LTI Systems to Complex Exponentials -- Fourier Series Representation of Discrete-Time Periodic Signals -- Properties of the Discrete-Time Fourier Series -- Discrete-Time Fourier Transform -- Properties of the Discrete-Time Fourier Transform -- DTFT of Periodic Signals and Step Signals -- Duality -- Summary -- To Probe Further -- Exercises -- 13 The z-Transform -- Development of the Two-Sided z-Transform -- ROC of the z-Transform -- Properties of the Two-Sided z-Transform -- The Inverse z-Transform -- Analysis and Characterization of DLTI Systems Using the z-Transform -- The Unilateral z-Transform -- Summary -- To Probe Further -- Exercises -- 14 Time and Frequency Analysis of Discrete-Time Signals and Systems -- Geometric Evaluation of the DTFT From the Pole-Zero Plot.

Frequency Analysis of First-Order and Second-Order Systems -- Ideal Discrete-Time Filters -- Infinite Impulse Response and Finite Impulse Response Filters -- Summary -- To Probe Further -- Exercises -- 15 Sampling Systems -- Sampling of Continuous-Time Signals -- Signal Reconstruction -- Discrete-Time Processing of Continuous-Time Signals -- Sampling of Discrete-Time Signals -- Summary -- To Probe Further -- Exercises -- 16 Introduction to Communication Systems -- Complex Exponential and Sinusoidal Amplitude Modulation -- Demodulation of Sinusoidal AM -- Single-Sideband Amplitude Modulation -- Modulation of a Pulse-Train Carrier -- Pulse-Amplitude Modulation -- Time-Division Multiplexing -- Frequency-Division Multiplexing -- Angle Modulation -- Summary -- To Probe Further -- Exercises -- 17 System Discretization and Discrete-Time LTI State-Space Models -- Controllable Canonical Form -- Observable Canonical Form -- Zero-State and Zero-Input Response of a Discrete-Time State-Space System -- z-Transform Solution of Discrete-Time State-Space Systems -- Discretization of Continuous-Time Systems -- Summary -- To Probe Further -- Exercises -- Appendix A: Using MATLAB -- Appendix B: Mathematical Notation and Useful Formulas -- Appendix C: About the CD-ROM -- Appendix D: Tables of Transforms -- Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- Q -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- Z.