Front -- Contents -- Introduction -- Concepts and Meaning in Medieval Philosophy -- Mental Language in Aquinas? -- Causality and Cognition -- Two Models of Thinking -- Thinking About Things -- Singular Terms and Vague Concepts in Late Medieval Mental Language Theory -- Act, Species, and Appearance -- Ockham's Externalism -- Was Adam Wodeham an Internalist or an Externalist? -- How Chatton Changed Ockham's Mind -- The Nature of Intentional Objects in Nicholas of Autrecourt's Theory of Knowledge -- On the Several Senses of "Intentio" in Buridan -- Mental Representation in Animals and Humans -- The Intersubjective Sameness of Mental Concepts in Late Scholastic Thought -- Mental Representations and Concepts in Medieval Philosophy.