CONTENTS -- Preface -- Introduction -- I. Law -- 1. The Hierarchy of Law -- 2. The Shift toward Authority -- 3. Constitutions -- II. Judicial Duty -- 4. Judicial Duty -- 5. Independent Judgment -- 6. Judicial Decisions -- 7. Authority to Expound Law -- III. Judicial Duty as to Legislative Acts -- 8. No Appeal from Parliament -- 9. Colonial Departures -- IV. Law and Judicial Duty in America -- 10. Law and Judicial Duty -- 11. Reason and Justice within the Law -- 12. The Range of Constitutional Decisions and the Character of Judicial Duty -- V. Judicial Duty in America as to Legislative Acts -- 13. Holding Legislative Acts Unconstitutional -- 14. A Lopsided Debate -- 15. Not Holding Legislative Acts Unconstitutional -- VI. Independence and Authority in America -- 16. Independence -- 17. Authority -- VII. Inexplicit Ideals -- 18. The Inexplicitness of Constitutions -- 19. Federal Clarifications -- Conclusion -- Appendix I: Bonham's Case -- Appendix II: The Institutio Legalis: Law and Justice in New Jersey -- Appendix III: Common Law Adjacent to Statutes: Religious Taxes in Massachusetts -- Chronological Table of State Decisions -- Index.