Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction: Culture and Causality -- 1. A Global Civilization -- 2. Creating an International Identity: Culture, Commerce, and Diplomacy -- 3. Europe I: The Mirage of Republicanism -- 4. Europe II: Premodern Survivals -- 5. The One and the Many: Race, Culture, and Civilization -- 6. The Promise of Local Equality: Assimilating African Americans, Chinese, and Native Americans -- 7. Beyond Orientalism: Explaining Other Worlds -- 8. Empire and Civilization -- 9. International Politics -- 10. The Future of International Relations -- Conclusion: Culture as Capability -- Notes -- Index.