About Island Press / About The Nature Conservancy -- Title Page -- Copyrights Page -- Table of Contents -- Preface and Acknowledgments: The Development of A Practitioner's Guide to Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation -- Ch. 1: The Global Challenge of Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation -- The Freshwater Crisis: Why Should We Care? -- Our Challenge -- Ch. 2: Freshwater Fundamentals: Watersheds, Freshwater Ecosystems and Freshwater Biodiversity -- Watershed Form and Function -- Freshwater Ecosystems and Their Variability -- Freshwater Biodiversity -- Ch. 3: Focusing Freshwater Conservation Efforts -- What Biodiversity Should Be Conserved and Where Should it be Conserved? -- How Can the Biodiversity be Most Effectively Conserved? -- Integrating Regional and Conservation Area Planning -- Ch. 4: Understanding Threats to Freshwater Biodiversity and Developing Effective Conservation Strategies -- Introduction -- Water Use and Management -- Dams -- Surface Water Diversions -- Altered Bed and Bank Structure -- Groundwater Exploitation -- Land Use and Management -- Agriculture -- Urbanization and Industrialization -- Forestry -- Mining -- Recreation -- Overharvesting and Fisheries Management -- Invasive Alien Species -- Ch. 5: Measuring Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation Success -- Designing a Freshwater Monitoring Program: Purposes, Priorities, and Indicators -- Designing a Freshwater Monitoring Program: Crucial Components of a Monitoring Program -- Key to Conservation Success - Monitoring Within an Adaptive Management Framework -- Appendices -- Appendix A - Ecological Characteristics of Freshwater Ecosystem Type -- Appendix B - Indicators of Freshwater Ecological Integrity -- Contributors -- Index.