Cover -- Contents -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Science as the Measure of Civilizations -- 3 From Copula to Incommensurable Worlds -- 4 Mathematical Texts in Historical Context -- 5 Tracing Practices Purloined by the Three Pillars -- 6 Xu Guangqi, Grand Guardian -- 7 Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- Appendix A: Zhu Zaiyu's New Theory of Calculation -- Appendix B: Xu Guangqi's Right Triangles, Meanings -- Appendix C: Xu Guangqi's Writings -- Bibliography -- Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- Q -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- X -- Y -- Z.