CONTENTS -- AUTHORS' APPOINTMENTS -- FOREWORD -- 1 INTRODUCTION Christopher Morris -- Terminology -- References -- 2 BIOMECHANICAL PRINCIPLES Christopher Morris -- Forces and vectors -- Reaction forces -- Stress and strain -- Stiffness and strength -- Strength -- Bending -- Pressure -- Friction -- Further reading -- 3 ASSESSMENT Christopher Morris, Nicholas Gryfakis, Michael El-Shammaa and Luciano Dias -- Supply process -- Gait analysis -- Measuring outcomes -- References -- 4 MATERIALS, COMPONENTS AND FABRICATION Christopher Morris -- Overview of fabrication -- Materials -- Components -- 5 UPPER-LIMB ORTHOSES Nicole Parent-Weiss -- Hand orthoses (HdOs) -- Wrist-hand orthoses (WHOs) -- Elbow orthosis (EO) -- Humeral orthoses -- Shoulder-elbow-wrist-hand-orthosis (SEWHO) -- References -- 6 LOWER-LIMB ORTHOSES Christopher Morris -- Foot orthoses (FOs) -- Ankle-foot orthoses (AFOs) -- Knee orthoses (KOs) -- Knee-ankle-foot orthoses (KAFOs) -- Hip-knee-ankle-foot orthoses (HKAFOs) -- Hip orthoses (HpOs) -- References -- 7 CONGENITAL DEFORMITIES Christopher Morris and Luciano Dias -- Metatarsus adductus -- Talipes equinovarus -- Vertical talus -- Talipes calcaneovalgus -- Tibial pseudarthrosis -- Developmental dysplasia of the hip -- Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita -- Osteogenesis imperfecta -- Down syndrome -- Marfan syndrome -- Other syndromes -- References -- 8 CONDITIONS ARISING IN CHILDHOOD Christopher Morris and Luciano Dias -- Pes planovalgus -- Hallux valgus -- Accessory navicular -- Sever's disease -- Toe-walking -- In- and out-toeing -- Tibial varum and Blount's disease -- Knee pain and instability -- Legg-Calve-Perthes disease -- Leg-length discrepancy -- Juvenile idiopathic arthritis -- Haemophilia -- References -- 9 CEREBRAL PALSY Christopher Morris -- Treatment goals -- Assessment -- GMFCS levels I, II and III -- GMFCS levels IV and V.

Summary -- References -- 10 MUSCULAR DYSTROPHIES, SPINAL MUSCULAR ATROPHIES AND PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHIES Nicola Thompson, Stephen Porter and Christopher Morris -- Duchenne muscular dystrophy -- Becker muscular dystrophy -- Spinal muscular atrophy -- Congenital muscular dystrophy -- Hereditary motor and sensory neuropathies (HMSN) -- Conclusions -- References -- 11 MYELOMENINGOCOELE Brigid Driscoll, Robert Novak and Luciano Dias -- Early management -- Thoracic and high lumbar level -- Low-lumbar level -- High sacral level -- Low sacral level -- Scoliosis/kyphosis -- Night orthotic management -- Education, and care of orthoses -- Summary -- References -- 12 IDIOPATHIC SCOLIOSIS Paul Horwood -- Types of orthosis -- Conclusion -- References -- 13 PROTECTIVE AND CORRECTIVEHEADWEAR Sheila Kellner and Trevor da Silva -- Protective headwear -- Corrective headware -- References -- INDEX.