CONTENTS -- AUTHORS' APPOINTMENTS -- SECTION ONE INTRODUCTION, AND OVERVIEW OF DIAGNOSIS, BIOLOGY AND THERAPY -- 1 INTRODUCTION Eddy Estlin and Stephen Lowis -- References -- 2 THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF PAEDIATRIC CNS TUMOURS GA Amos Burke -- Incidence of primary CNS tumours -- Age and site distribution of primary brain and spinal tumours -- Incidence of secondary and metastatic tumours -- Epidemiological evidence for aetiological factors in primary childhood braintumours -- Tumour syndromes -- References -- 3 PAEDIATRIC CNS TUMOURS: NEUROIMAGING Shelley Renowden -- Neuroimaging techniques -- Tumour types -- References -- 4 PATHOLOGY AND MOLECULAR ONCOLOGY OF CHILDHOOD CNS TUMOURS Lucy B Rorke-Adams and Jaclyn A Biegel -- Neuroepithelial tumours -- Non-neuroepithelial tumours -- References -- 5 MOLECULAR APPROACHES TO THE UNDERSTANDING AND TREATMENT OF CHILDHOOD CNS TUMOURS Richard J Gilbertson -- Advances in molecular biology techniques -- Advances in pre-clinical disease models -- Application of molecular biology to disease management -- Summary -- References -- 6 SURGICAL MANAGEMENT OF CNS TUMOURS IN THE PAEDIATRIC POPULATION Jerard Ross and John Thorne -- General care -- Perioperative management -- Surgical roles in common tumours -- Adjuncts to surgical management -- The role of neuroendoscopy in tumour management -- Epilepsy surgery -- Conclusion -- References -- 7 GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF RADIOTHERAPY Eddy Estlin and Stephen Lowis -- Radiotherapy physics and biology -- Techniques of radiotherapy administration -- Side-effects of radiotherapy -- Radiotherapy and the treatment of CNS tumours of childhood -- Stereotactic radiosurgery in recurrent ependymoma -- Conclusions and future directions -- References -- 8 GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF CHEMOTHERAPY Eddy Estlin -- Pharmacology and tumours of the CNS -- Chemosensitivity and CNS tumours.

Clinical trials involving paediatric CNS tumours -- Relationship between pharmacology, chemosensitivity and clinical effect -- Summary and conclusions -- References -- 9 MANAGEMENT OF COMPLICATIONS AT PRESENTATION FOR CHILDREN WITH CNS TUMOURS Stephen Lowis -- Impaired consciousness, encephalopathy -- Spinal cord compression -- Electrolyte and endocrine disturbance -- References -- SECTION TWO CNS TUMOURS OF CHILDHOOD -- 10 LOW-GRADE AND HIGH-GRADE ASTROCYTOMA Eddy Estlin and Stephen Lowis -- Low-grade glioma -- High-grade astrocytoma -- Conclusions -- References -- 11 EPENDYMOMA Ute Bartels, Douglas J Hyder, Annie Huang and Eric Bouffet -- Histopathological features -- Molecular biology and cytogenetic studies -- Diagnostic features of intracranial ependymomas -- Risk factors and prognostic considerations -- Treatment -- Recurrent ependymoma -- Conclusions and further directions -- References -- 12 BRAINSTEM TUMOURS Carolyn R Freeman and Jean-Pierre Farmer -- Clinical presentation and imaging findings -- Management -- Prognosis -- Controversies -- References -- 13 PRIMITIVE NEUROECTODERMAL TUMOURS Stephen Lowis -- Pathology -- Presentation -- Assessment and staging -- Prognostic factors -- Therapy -- Supratentorial PNET -- Relapsed PNET -- References -- 14 INTRACRANIAL GERM CELL TUMOURS Susanne J Rogers and Frank H Saran -- Aetiology -- Clinical presentation -- Diagnosis and staging -- Histological subtypes -- Treatment and outcome -- Follow-up -- Summary -- References -- 15 CHOROID PLEXUS PAPILLOMA AND CARCINOMA Stephen Lowis -- Pathology -- Aetiology -- Presentation -- Imaging -- Treatment -- Summary -- References -- 16 CRANIOPHARYNGIOMA Eddy Estlin -- Epidemiology -- Clinical presentation -- Treatment with surgery -- Radiotherapy -- Chemotherapy -- Treatment of recurrent disease -- Prognosis and late effects of treatment -- Future directions.

References -- 17 MIXED NEURONAL TUMOURS Eddy Estlin -- Dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumour -- Gangliogliomas -- Conclusions -- References -- 18 SPINAL CORD TUMOURS IN CHILDREN Douglas J Hyder, Peter B Dirks, Ute Bartels and Eric Bouffet -- Presenting symptoms and radiology -- General principles of surgery for IMCST -- Management of specific tumour types -- Conclusion -- References -- 19 METASTATIC DISEASE AFFECTING THE CNS Stephen Lowis -- Leukaemia -- Solid tumours -- Spinal metastatic disease -- Summary -- References -- SECTION THREE LATE EFFECTS, REHABILITATION AND PALLIATIVE CARE -- 20 LATE EFFECTS OF CNS TUMOURS Adam Glaser and Gary Butler -- Aetiology -- Quality of life -- Health and health-related quality of life -- Physical sequelae -- Second malignancies -- Shunts -- Bone and dental effects -- Neurocognitive and behavioural sequelae -- Social sequelae and autonomy -- Clinical trials -- References -- 21 AN OVERVIEW OF CEREBRAL FUNCTIONING AND ITS APPLICATION IN THE DEVELOPING BRAIN Andrew Curran -- The normal brain -- Patterns of learning -- Neurochemical control of memory -- Structural aspects of memory -- The amygdala and emotional content of memory -- The hippocampus -- Developmental aspects of memory -- Environmental factors -- The role of stress -- Lateralization of function within the cerebral hemispheres -- Treatment of brain tumours and neurological injury -- Neurological outcome of paediatric brain tumours -- Conclusion -- References -- 22 PALLIATIVE CARE Erica Mackie -- Palliative care -- Decision making -- Symptoms care during palliation -- Supporting the child and family -- References -- SECTION FOUR SUMMARY -- 23 CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS Eddy Estlin and Stephen Lowis -- Reference -- INDEX.