Contents -- Authors' appointments -- Foreword -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Chapter 1 Terms, definitions and concepts -- The basis of medical practice -- Precautionary principles in the context of neurological problems in infancy -- Ecologies of care and categories of illness -- The international classification of diseases -- Relevant terms and definitions -- Evidence-based medicine -- Chapter 2 Interprofessional working: user and carer involvement -- The holistic approach to childhood development -- User and carer involvement -- The needs of the child -- Family needs -- Team needs -- Team work -- Team work in caring for children with developmental disabilities -- Chapter 3 Clinical epidemiology and evidence-based medicine -- Introduction -- Some basic definitions for clinical epidemiology -- Study design -- Some myths -- The four steps of evidence-based medicine -- An ABC checklist for interpreting studies -- Summary and conclusion -- Chapter 4 Promoting child development -- Domains of development -- The right to development -- Factors promoting development -- Children with disabilities -- Child protection -- Developing community-based models of care: challenges and opportunities for the CEE region -- Conclusions -- Chapter 5 Neurological and neurodevelopmental assessment -- Normal neurological development -- Main features of typical neurological development -- Main items of clinical neurological examination and available standardized protocols -- Complementary approach to neurological evaluation in the first year of life -- Structured neurodevelopmental scales -- Practical conclusions -- Chapter 6 Prevention of neurological disease in infants -- Primary prevention, screening and surveillance -- Neonatal screening and perinatal care -- Infant screening and health promotion after the neonatal period -- Infant diet and iron deficiency.

Screening for hearing -- Hearing impairment -- Vision impairment -- Conclusion -- Chapter 7 Cranial imaging -- Neuroimaging: principles -- Clinical settings -- Chapter 8 Neurophysiological investigations -- Prerequisites -- Normal EEG -- Abnormal EEG -- Amplitude-integrated EEG or cerebral function monitoring -- When should EEG or a EEG be performed? -- When not to do EEG -- Chapter 9 Biochemical and haematological testing -- Cerebrospinal fluid analyses -- Specimens for biochemistry tests -- Reference ranges -- Haematology investigations -- Chapter 10 Drug treatments: drugs, vitamins and minerals -- Introduction -- Is the treatment evidence-based? -- Drug metabolism -- Drug toxicity -- Medication errors and route of administration -- Essential drug lists -- Vitamins and minerals -- Chapter 11 Nonpharmacological treatment -- Protocol for follow-up -- What to do when development is not normal -- The role of technical equipment -- Novel treatment methods without evidence should not be recommended -- Chapter 12 Neonatal encephalopathy -- Definition -- Incidence -- Clinical neurobehavioural assessment of the newborn -- Clinical presentations of HIE with/without multiorgan failure -- Neuroimaging and neurophysiological investigations in HIE -- Prevention of HIE -- Follow-up and outcome after NE -- Outcome after neonatal HIE -- Chapter 13 Neonatal seizures, including metabolic epileptic encephalopathies -- Defi nitions -- Clinical approach -- Correlation of EEG and clinical seizures -- Common etiologies of neonatal seizures -- Rare etiologies of neonatal seizures -- Chromosomal anomalies with neonatal seizures -- Disorders of cerebral dysgenesis -- Treatment of neonatal seizures -- Chapter 14 Acute non-febrile encephalopathy -- Definition -- Causes -- General principles of management.

Specific non-infectious acute encephalopathies that may mimic infection -- TBI and inflicted TBI -- Acute metabolic encephalopathies -- Acute toxic encephalopathies -- Stroke -- Chapter 15 Acute neurological illness with fever: meningitis, encephalitis and infective space-occupying lesions -- Introduction to neurological infectious diseases -- Definitions -- Acute bacterial meningitis -- Chronic bacterial meningitis -- Fungal meningitis -- Viral (aseptic) meningitis -- Encephalitis -- Infective SOLs -- Chapter 16 Post-neonatal epileptic seizures -- Definitions -- Epileptic seizures -- Epilepsies with onset in the first year of life -- Epilepsies with onset during the neonatal period or early infancy -- Epilepsies with onset in infancy -- Treatment options for epilepsy in the first year of life -- Chapter 17 Non-epileptic paroxysmal disorders in infancy -- Breath-holding spells (prolonged expiratory apnoea) -- Reflex anoxic seizures (or reflex asystolic syncope) -- Anoxic-epileptic seizures without epilepsy -- Tonic attacks with acutely raised intracranial pressure -- Imposed upper airways obstruction -- Alternating hemiplegia of childhood -- Hyperekplexia -- Benign neonatal sleep myoclonus -- Fejerman syndrome: shuddering, benign non-epileptic infantile spasms, benign myoclonus of early infancy -- Infantile masturbation/gratification -- Paroxysmal torticollis -- Summary and conclusions -- Chapter 18 Macrocephaly, including hydrocephalus -- Definition -- Clinical approach to assessment of head size and shape -- Megalencephaly -- Hydrocephalus -- Idiopathic (or 'benign') external hydrocephalus -- Craniosynostosis -- Abnormal head shape without synostosis -- Common myths about assessment of the cranium and ventricles -- Chapter 19 Microcephaly, including congenital infections -- Definition -- Causes of microcephaly.

Clinical approach to assessment of head size and shape -- Chapter 20 The floppy infant -- Introduction -- Definition -- Clinical approach -- Origin of hypotonia -- Medical history -- Physical examination -- Work-up -- Management and treatment -- Prognosis -- Chapter 21 Early developmental impairment and neurological abnormalities at birth -- Definitions -- Epidemiology -- Causes of developmental impairment -- Presentations in infancy -- Clinical approach -- Principles of management -- Treatment and therapy -- Neural tube defects -- Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) -- Down syndrome -- Specific genetic syndromes -- Chapter 22 Cerebral palsy -- Definition -- Clinical approach -- Management and follow-up -- Summary -- Chapter 23 Central nervous system disorders of movement other than cerebral palsy -- Definitions -- Introduction and clinical approach -- Paroxysmal movement disorders in neonates: clinical approach -- Persistent movement disorders in neonates: clinical approach -- Paroxysmal disorders in infancy: clinical approach (see also Chapter 17) -- Persistent movement disorders in infants: clinical features -- Summary -- Chapter 24 Progressive loss of skills -- Introduction -- Clinical approach -- Early regression with prominent seizures -- Inherited disorders of metabolism presenting as progressive disorders -- Other disorders which may mimic neurodegeneration -- Rare static disorders with severe epilepsy and developmental impairment -- Management of neurodegenerative conditions -- Appendix 1: Growth charts -- Index -- Colour Plates.