List of Figures -- Introduction -- Part I - Materials in Eighteenth-Century Science Contexts and Practices -- Introduction to Part I -- 1 - Commodities and Natural Objects -- 2 - Practices of Studying Materials in Eighteenth-Century Chemistry -- 3 - Why Study Classification? -- Part II - A World of Pure Chemical Substances -- Introduction to Part II -- 4 - 1787: A New Nomenclature -- 5-The Tableau de la Nomenclature Chimique -- 6 - Classifying According to Chemical Composition -- 7 - Simple Substances and Paradigmatic Syntheses -- 8 - Operations with Pure Chemical Substances -- 9 - Classification of Pure Chemical Substances before 1787 -- 10 - A Revolutionary Table? -- Part III - A Different World: Plant Materials -- Introduction to Part III -- 11 - Diverse Orders of Plant Materials -- 12 - Ultimate Principles of Plants: Plant Analysis prior to 1750 -- 13 - The Epistemic Elevation of Vegetable Commodities -- 14 - The Failure of Lavoisier's Plant Chemistry -- 15 - Uncertainties -- 16 - A Novel Mode of Classifying Organic Substances and an Ontological Shift around 1830 -- Conclusion: Multidimensional Objects and Materiality -- References -- Name Index -- Subject Index.