Front Matter -- Acknowledgments -- Preface -- Contents -- Executive Summary -- 1 Mariners-Their Work and Professional Development -- 2 Use of Simulation in Training and Licensing: Current State of Practice -- 3 Effective Training with Simulation: The Instructional Design Process -- 4 Matching the Training Environment to Objectives -- 5 Performance Evaluation and Licensing Assessment -- 6 Simulator-Based Training and Sea-Time Equivalency -- 7 Simulation and Simulator Validity and Validation -- 8 Conclusions and Recommendations -- APPENDIX A Biographical Sketches of Committee Members -- APPENDIX B International Marine Certification Roles, Responsibilities, and Standards -- APPENDIX C Professional Licensing Infrastructure for U.S. Merchant Mariners -- APPENDIX D Hydrodynamics, Physical Models, and Mathematical Modeling1 -- APPENDIX E Outlines of Sample Simulator-Based Training Courses -- APPENDIX F Uses of Simulators Illustrative Case Studies -- APPENDIX G Microcomputer Desktop Simulation.