Research Opportunities for Materials with Ultrafine Microstructures -- Copyright -- Abstract -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- Tables and Figures -- Executive Summary -- 1 Introduction. -- REFERENCES -- 2 Synthesis and Processing: General Methods -- MOLECULAR SYNTHESIS -- REDUCTIVE PYROLYSIS -- GEL SYNTHESIS -- In Situ Composites -- Porous Sol-Gel Composites. -- Volatile-Host Method -- Infiltrated Composites -- SUPERCRITICAL FLUID PROCESSING -- LASER PYROLYSIS -- COLLOIDAL SYNTHESIS -- REACTIVE SPUTTERING -- CRYOCHEMICAL SYNTHESIS. -- CHEMICAL VAPOR SYNTHESIS -- ION-BEAM PROCESSING -- MECHANICAL PROCESSING -- GAS-CONDENSATION SYNTHESIS -- RAPID SOLIDIFICATION PROCESSING -- REFERENCES -- 3 Synthesis and Processing: Morphologically Specific Methods. -- FILAMENTARY STRUCTURES -- MULTILAYER STRUCTURES -- Molecular-Beam Epitaxy -- Electrodeposition -- Cluster Beam Deposition -- DISPERSED-PHASE STRUCTURES -- Carbon + SiC. -- Si3N4 Matrix Composites -- SiC + TiSi2 -- Composites in the Ti-Si-C and Ti-Ge-C Systems -- MACROMOLECULAR COMPOSITE STRUCTURES -- HETEROGENEOUS NANOCOMPOSITES -- HIGH-SURFACE-AREA MATERIALS -- Impregnation and Ion Exchange. -- Decomposition of Metal Carbonyls -- Bare Metal Clusters -- Microporous Solids: Pillared Clays -- Zeolites -- MEMBRANES -- REFERENCES -- 4 Characterization Methods. -- X-RAY AND NEUTRON SCATTERING -- TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY -- Structural Imaging -- Analytical Electron Microscopy -- SPECTROSCOPIES -- Optical Spectroscopy -- Nuclear Spectroscopy. -- Electron Spectroscopy -- CALORIMETRY -- OTHER PROMISING METHODS -- REFERENCES -- 5 Properties -- NANOPHASE COMPACTS -- Magnetic Properties. -- Densification and Sintering has recently been carried out using the gas-condensation method, and the ... -- Diffusion and Solid-State Reactions -- MECHANICAL PROPERTIES -- CATALYTIC PROPERTIES -- STABILITY.

REFERENCES -- 6 Selected Application Areas. -- ELECTROCERAMICS -- ULTRASTRUCTURED CERAMICS -- PERMANENT MAGNETS -- POLYMER-SILICA MICROCOMPOSITES -- CATALYSTS -- CERMETS -- MULTILAYER COATINGS. -- REFERENCES -- 7 Summary and Recommendations -- Bibliography -- Appendix A Definitions of Acronyms -- Appendix B Biographical Sketches of Committee Members.