Toxicity of Military Smokes and Obscurants -- Copyright -- Preface -- Contents -- List of Abbreviations -- Summary -- RECOMMENDED EXPOSURE GUIDANCE LEVELS FOR MILITARY PERSONNEL -- White Phosphorus Smoke -- Brass Smoke -- Titanium Dioxide Smoke -- Graphite Smoke -- RECOMMENDED EXPOSURE GUIDANCE LEVELS FOR COMMUNITIES NEAR MILITARY-TRAINING FACILITIES -- 1 Introduction -- THE SUBCOMMITTEE'S TASK -- DEFINITIONS OF EXPOSURE GUIDANCE LEVELS -- APPROACH TO DEVELOPING EXPOSURE GUIDANCE LEVELS -- Emergency Exposure Guidance Levels -- Short-Term Public Emergency Guidance Levels -- Repeated Exposure Guidance Levels and Repeated Public Exposure Guidance Levels -- Confidence Level in Using the Product of Uncertainty Factors -- ORGANIZATION OF THE REPORT -- REFERENCES -- 2 White Phosphorus Smoke -- BACKGROUND INFORMATION -- Military Applications -- Occurrence and Use -- Combustion Products -- Measurement -- TOXICOKINETICS -- TOXICITY SUMMARY: WHITE PHOSPHORUS AND WHITE PHOSPHORUS SMOKE -- White Phosphorus: Human and Animal Studies -- White Phosphorus Smoke: Effects In Humans -- White Phosphorus Smoke: Effects in Animals -- Lethality -- Respiratory Effects -- Hepatic Effects -- Renal Effects -- Reproductive and Developmental Effects -- Other End Points -- Summary of Toxicity Data -- PREVIOUS RECOMMENDED EXPOSURE LIMITS -- SUBCOMMITTEE EVALUATION AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- Military Exposures -- Emergency Exposure Guidance Levels (EEGLs) -- Repeated Exposure Guidance Level (REGL) -- Public Exposures -- Short-Term Public Emergency Guidance Levels (SPEGLs) -- Summary of Subcommittee Recommendations -- RESEARCH NEEDS -- REFERENCES -- 3 Brass Smoke -- BACKGROUND INFORMATION -- Military Applications -- Physical and Chemical Properties -- Occurrence and Use -- Combustion Products -- Toxicokinetics -- Absorption and Distribution -- Metabolism and Excretion.

TOXICITY SUMMARY -- Effects in Humans -- Effects in Animals -- Inhalation Exposures -- One-Time Exposures -- Lethality -- Pulmonary Effects -- Gastrointestinal Effects -- Mutagenic Effects -- Reproductive and Developmental Toxicity -- Repeated Exposures -- Lethality -- Pulmonary Effects -- Other Systemic Effects -- Carcinogenic and Mutagenic Effects -- Reproductive and Developmental Toxicity -- Dermal, Ocular, and Oral Exposures -- One-Time Exposures -- Repeated Exposures -- In Vitro Studies -- Summary of Toxicity Data -- Noncarcinogenic Effects -- Carcinogenic Effects -- PREVIOUS RECOMMENDED EXPOSURE LIMITS -- SUBCOMMITTEE EVALUATION AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- Military Exposures -- Emergency Exposure Guidance Levels (EEGLs) -- Repeated Exposure Guidance Level (REGL) -- Public Exposures -- Short-Term Public Emergency Guidance Levels (SPEGLs) -- Repeated Public Exposure Guidance Level (RPEGL) -- Summary of Subcommittee Recommendations -- RESEARCH NEEDS -- REFERENCES -- 4 Titanium Dioxide Smoke -- BACKGROUND INFORMATION -- Military Applications -- Physical and Chemical Properties -- Occurrence and Use -- TOXICOKINETICS -- TOXICITY SUMMARY -- Effects in Humans -- Effects In Animals -- Inhalation Exposures -- One-Time Exposures -- Lethality -- Pulmonary Effects -- Reproductive and Developmental Effects -- Repeated Exposures -- Pulmonary Effects -- Reproductive and Developmental Effects -- Carcinogenic Effects -- Mutagenic and Genotoxic Effects -- Effects on Host Defense. -- Dermal and Ocular Exposures -- Lethality -- Skin and Eye Irritation -- In Vitro Studies -- Summary Of Toxicity Data -- Noncancer Effects -- Carcinogenic Effects -- PREVIOUS RECOMMENDED EXPOSURE LIMITS -- SUBCOMMITTEE EVALUATION AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- Military Exposures -- Emergency Exposure Guidance Levels (EEGLs) -- Repeated Exposure Guidance Level (REGL) -- Public Exposures.

Short-Term Public Emergency Guidance Levels (SPEGLs) -- Repeated Public Exposure Guidance Level (RPEGL) -- Summary Of Subcommittee Recommendations -- RESEARCH NEEDS -- REFERENCES -- 5 Graphite Smoke -- BACKGROUND INFORMATION -- Military Applications -- Physical and Chemical Properties -- TOXICOKINETICS -- TOXICITY SUMMARY -- Effects in Humans -- Effects in Animals -- Inhalation Exposures -- Oral Exposures -- Intratracheal Exposures -- Intraperitoneal Injection -- Dermal Exposures -- Ocular Exposures -- Carcinogenic Effects -- Reproductive and Developmental Effects -- In Vitro Tests -- Summary of Toxicity Data -- PREVIOUS RECOMMENDED EXPOSURE LIMITS -- SUBCOMMITTEE EVALUATION AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- Military Exposures -- Emergency Exposure Guidance Levels (EEGLs) -- Repeated Exposure Guidance Level (REGL) -- Public Exposures -- Short-Term Public Emergency Guidance Levels (SPEGL) -- Repeated Public Exposure Guidance Level (RPEGL) -- Summary of Subcommittee Recommendations -- RESEARCH NEEDS -- REFERENCES.