Engineering Employment Characteristics -- Copyright -- Preface -- Contents -- Executive Summary -- 1 Introduction -- THE ROLE OF ENGINEERING -- 2 The Engineering Work Force -- NUMBERS AND CHARACTERISTICS -- Engineers -- Computer Specialists -- Engineering Technicians -- AGING AND RETIREMENT -- WOMEN IN ENGINEERING -- MINORITIES IN ENGINEERING -- 3 Utilization of Engineers -- EMPLOYMENT CHARACTERISTICS -- Sector and Field of Employment -- Rates of Unemployment -- Primary Activities -- Mobility Among Primary Activities -- CONCENTRATION RATIOS -- Engineers -- Technicians and Computer Specialists -- EFFICIENCY OF UTILIZATION -- Impact of New Technology -- 4 Quality of the Work Force -- CURRENT VIEWS OF QUALITY -- 5 Resilience of the Work Force -- TECHNOLOGICAL OBSOLESCENCE -- 6 International Comparisons -- 7 Supply and Demand for Engineers -- ENGINEERING SALARIES -- HIRING PRACTICES -- Co-op Programs -- THE STATE OF THE JOB MARKET -- Impact of Government -- Notes -- Appendix A Supplementary Data-Engineering Employment Characteristics -- Appendix B Women in Engineering -- NOTES -- Appendix C The Social Context of Minorities in Engineering -- PERSISTENT EDUCATIONAL DISADVANTAGES OF MINORITIES -- THE LEGACY -- NOTES -- Appendix D Informal Mail Survey of Employers of Engineers -- FORM USED IN MAIL SURVEY -- RESPONSES TO INFORMAL SURVEY -- Appendix E Report on the Role of the Federal Government in the Education and Utilization of the Engineer -- EMPLOYMENT OF ENGINEERS -- SUPPORT OF ENGINEERING EDUCATION -- Research -- Financial Aid -- Graduate Fellowships -- Equipment -- Continuing Professional Development -- Summary of Direct Support -- NOTES.