Managing Global Genetic Resources -- Copyright -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- Forest Trees -- Executive Summary -- THE CRISIS OF WORLD FOREST DECLINE -- BENEFITS, USES, AND DEVELOPMENT OF FOREST TREES -- STRUCTURE OF GENETIC VARIATION IN TREES -- RECOMMENDATIONS -- Genetic Management Techniques -- Increase of in Situ and Ex Situ Programs -- In Situ Management -- Ex Situ Management -- Exploration, Testing, and Breeding -- Global Data Base -- Research and Development -- Genetic Variation -- Inventory -- Genetic Structures -- Climate Change and Pollution -- Institutions -- New Programs -- Funding and Personnel -- Developing a Global Strategy -- International Leadership -- 1 World Forests -- LOSSES IN FORESTS -- BASIC INVENTORY DATA -- CAUSES OF FOREST TREE LOSS -- Pollution -- Deforestation -- Narrowing of Genetic Base -- WHAT CAN BE DONE? -- RECOMMENDATIONS -- 2 Multiple Uses of Forest Trees -- BENEFITS OF TREES AND FORESTS -- Direct Benefits -- Indirect Benefits -- LAND USE SYSTEMS INVOLVING TREES -- Natural Vegetation Management -- Agroforestry -- Industrial Plantation Forestry -- Constraints and Opportunities of Land Use Systems -- INCREASING THE USEFULNESS OF TREE GENETIC RESOURCES -- Exploration -- Evaluation -- Coordination -- Development of Programs for Untested Species -- RECOMMENDATIONS -- 3 Structure of Genetic Variation -- MATING SYSTEMS AND GENE FLOW -- Mating Mechanisms -- Inbreeding -- Outcrossing -- Gene Flow -- Neutral Alleles and the Quantification of Gene Flow -- ESTIMATING GENETIC VARIATION -- Variation Within Populations -- Estimates of Population Genetic Structures -- Variation Among Populations -- Allozyme Studies and Morphological Variation -- Allele Frequencies, Gene Flow, and Selection -- Population Complexity -- CONCLUSIONS -- RECOMMENDATIONS -- 4 Conservation and Management of Tree Genetic Resources.

CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES -- IN SITU CONSERVATION -- Minimum Viable Population Size -- Number of Reserves and Sampling Strategy -- Segregating Populations -- Knowledge of Ecosystem Dynamics and Integrity -- Prospects for Effective in Situ Programs -- EX SITU CONSERVATION -- CHOICE OF METHOD -- Technical and Biological Factors -- Management Factors -- MANAGEMENT STATUS OF TREE SPECIES -- CONCLUSIONS -- RECOMMENDATIONS -- Increase of in Situ and Ex Situ Programs -- A Global Data Base -- In Situ Management -- Ex Situ Management -- Education And Training -- 5 Institutions Involved in Managing Tree Genetic Resources -- IN SITU CONSERVATION ACTIVITIES -- EX SITU CONSERVATION ACTIVITIES -- INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTIONS -- Food and Agriculture Organization -- The International Board for Plant Genetic Resources -- International Council for Research in Agroforestry -- International Tropical Timber Organization -- International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources -- International Union of Forestry Research Organizations -- United Nations Environment Program -- United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization -- Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research -- NATIONAL AND REGIONAL INSTITUTIONS -- Central America and Mexico Coniferous Resources Cooperative -- Centro AgronóMico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza -- Canadian International Development Agency and International Development Research Center -- Centre Technique Forestier Tropical -- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization -- Danish Forest Seed Center -- Oxford Forestry Institute -- U.S. Department of Agriculture's Forest Service and State Programs -- CONCLUSIONS -- RECOMMENDATIONS -- 6 Organizing a Global System of Cooperation -- COORDINATING AND EXPANDING EXISTING PROGRAMS -- DEVELOPING REGIONAL AND NATIONAL PROGRAMS.

DEVELOPING AN INTERNATIONAL FOREST TREE GENETIC RESOURCES PROGRAM -- Coordination Through the Food and Agriculture Organization -- Coordination Through the International Board for Plant Genetic Resources -- RECOMMENDATION -- References -- Appendix A Forest Tree Species Used in Breeding or Testing Activities -- Appendix B Literature Survey of Threatened Provenances or Species -- Appendix C Sources of Seed for Research -- Glossary -- Abbreviations -- Authors -- Index -- Recent Publications of the Board on Agriculture -- POLICY AND RESOURCES -- NUTRIENT REQUIREMENTS OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS SERIES AND RELATED TITLES.