Modeling and Simulation in Manufacturing and Defense Systems Acquisition -- Copyright -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- Executive Summary -- INTRODUCTION -- RECOMMENDATIONS -- Technology and Research -- Infrastructure for Modeling and Simulation -- Use of Modeling and Simulation in Acquisition and Manufacturing -- Culture and Human Issues -- 1 Introduction -- MODELING AND SIMULATION IN MANUFACTURING AND ACQUISITION -- NEW CHALLENGES FOR DEFENSE ACQUISITION -- The International Security Environment -- Strategic Vision -- Resources -- Institutional Initiatives -- Military Systems -- Commercial Technology -- Summary -- New Approaches for the Acquisition Process -- New Approaches for Systems -- New Approaches for Tools -- 2 Modeling and Simulation in Defense Acquisition -- SIMULATION-BASED ACQUISITION -- Definition of Simulation-Based Acquisition -- Use of Modeling and Simulation in Defense Acquisition -- Examples of Modeling and Simulation in Defense Acquisition -- U.S. Navy LPD-17 Program -- Joint Strike Fighter Program -- U.S. Navy SC-21 Program -- Future Programs -- Barriers to More Widespread Use -- Inadequate Allocation of Resources -- Lack of Information for Program Managers -- Need for an Integrated Systems Engineering Process -- Obstacles to Collaboration -- Intellectual Property Rights -- Information Dissemination -- Education and Training -- Validation and Verification -- REVIEW OF ACQUISITION-RELATED STUDIES ON MODELING AND SIMULATION -- Multiple Recommendations on Leadership -- Multiple Recommendations on Processes -- Multiple Recommendations on Technology -- Multiple Recommendations on Motivation -- Multiple Recommendations on Experimentation -- CONCLUSIONS -- 3 Lessons Learned from Commercial Manufacturing -- MODELING AND SIMULATION IN COMMERCIAL MANUFACTURING -- The Automotive Industry.

Barriers to Widespread Use of M&S Technologies -- Lack of Reusability -- Lack of Model Reliability and Robustness -- Lack of System Integration Capabilities -- Existing Management and Process Structures -- INTEGRATED MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY INITIATIVE -- CONCLUSIONS -- 4 Systems-of-Systems, Distributed Simulations, and Enterprise Systems -- SIMULATING COMPLEX SYSTEMS-OF-SYSTEMS -- DISTRIBUTED SIMULATIONS -- Distributed Mission Training Systems -- Distributed Collaborative Engineering Environments -- Limitations on Advanced Distributed Simulations -- ENTERPRISE SYSTEMS -- Generalized Enterprise Reference Architecture and Methodology -- CONCLUSIONS -- 5 Modeling and Simulation Research and Development Topics -- MODELING METHODS -- Scalability -- Multiresolution Modeling -- Agent-Based Modeling -- Semantic Consistency -- Dealing with Complexity and Errors -- Fundamental Limits of Modeling and Computation -- Ordinal Versus Cardinal Optimization -- Efficient Search Via Learning -- Errors in Distributed Simulations -- Theory of Complex Systems -- Uncertainty -- MODEL INTEGRATION -- Interoperability -- Composability -- Integrating Heterogeneous Processes -- Real Time and Logical Time -- Analog and Digital -- Linking Engineering and Effectiveness Simulations -- MODEL CORRECTNESS -- Domain Knowledge -- Phenomenology of Warfare -- Physics-based Modeling -- Human Behavior Modeling -- Verification, Validation, and Accreditation -- STANDARDS -- Modeling and Simulation Standards -- High Level Architecture -- Modelica -- Discrete Event System Specification -- General Software Standards -- Unified Modeling Language -- Common Object Request Broker Architecture -- Higher-Layer Standards -- Generalized Enterprise Reference Architecture and Methodology -- Data Exchange Standards -- CONCLUSIONS -- 6 Conclusions and Recommendations -- TECHNOLOGY AND RESEARCH.

Desired End State -- INFRASTRUCTURE FOR MODELING AND SIMULATION -- Desired End State -- USE OF MODELING AND SIMULATION IN ACQUISITION AND MANUFACTURING -- Desired End State -- CULTURE AND HUMAN ISSUES -- Desired End State -- References -- APPENDICES -- A Biographical Sketches of Committee Members -- B Summary of 10 Acquisition-Related Studies on Modeling and Simulation -- NAVAL RESEARCH ADVISORY COMMITTEE REPORT -- NAVAL AIR SYSTEMS COMMAND STUDY -- NORTH AMERICAN TECHNOLOGY AND INDUSTRIAL BASE ORGANIZATION STUDY -- AMERICAN DEFENSE PREPAREDNESS ASSOCIATION STUDY -- DIRECTOR FOR TEST SYSTEMS ENGINEERING AND EVALUATION STUDY -- 1997 NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL STUDY -- JOINT SIMULATION-BASED ACQUISITION TASK FORCE STUDY -- DEFENSE SCIENCE BOARD TASK FORCE STUDY -- 1999 NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL STUDY -- MILITARY OPERATIONS RESEARCH SOCIETY REPORT -- C Authors and Titles of Briefings to the Committee -- D Acronyms.