DIAGNOSIS AND CONTROL OF JOHNE'S DISEASE -- Copyright -- Acknowledgments -- Preface -- Contents -- Executive Summary -- THE TASK -- CONCLUSIONS -- DISEASE CONTROL -- EDUCATION AND TRAINING -- RESEARCH -- Epidemiology of Map Infection and JD -- Diagnostics and Immunology -- Map Genome Studies -- Vaccine Development -- Human and Animal Health Issues -- 1 Introduction -- THE COMMITTEE'S TASK -- 2 Johne's Disease in Domesticated and Wild Animals -- SPECTRUM OF DISEASE IN DOMESTICATED ANIMALS -- Cattle -- Stage I: Silent Infection -- Stage II: Subclinical Disease -- Stage III: Clinical Disease -- Stage IV: Advanced Clinical Disease -- Sheep and Goats -- SPECTRUM OF DISEASE IN OTHER ANIMALS -- PATHOLOGY -- Cattle -- Lesions of Subclinical Infection -- Lesions of Clinical Infection -- Sheep -- Goats -- Exotic Ruminants -- Non-ruminant Species -- Primates -- Rabbits -- Other Species -- EPIDEMIOLOGY -- Global Prevalence in Domesticated Animals -- Prevalence in Wildlife and Zoo Animals -- MODES OF TRANSMISSION -- Fecal-Oral Transmission -- Congenital Transmission -- Lactation Transmission -- Cross-Species Transmission -- Sanitation -- Environmental Factors -- Water -- Soil Characteristics -- Pasteurization -- PATHOGENESIS IN CATTLE -- Age-Related Susceptibility -- Genetic Susceptibility -- Immune Response -- Sequencing of the Map Genome -- 3 Diagnostics -- TESTING OF DOMESTICATED ANIMALS -- Bacteriologic Culture -- Decontamination of Specimens -- Concentration of Map from Specimens -- Conventional Culture for Map -- Automated Culture -- Radiometric Systems -- Nonradiometric Systems -- Pooled Fecal Culture -- Sensitivity of Fecal Culture -- Immunologic Tests -- Detecting the Cell-Mediated Response -- Skin Testing -- Lymphocyte Blastogenesis and Transformation -- Gamma Interferon -- Serologic Tests to Detect the Humoral Response -- Complement Fixation Test.

Agar Gel Immunodiffusion -- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay -- Test Result Measures -- Fixed-Decision Thresholds or Cutoffs -- Information Cost and Degree of Result Categorization -- Likelihood Ratios and ROC Curves -- MOLECULAR METHODS -- IS900 -- Molecular Strain Typing -- EPIDEMIOLOGIC TOOLS -- Test Protocol Standardization -- Laboratory Proficiency Evaluation -- 4 Control Principles and Programs -- CONTROL PRINCIPLES -- Environmental Factors in Infection Control Practices -- Producer Awareness and Adoption of Biosecurity Practices and Control Measures -- Control Programs with a Single-Agent Focus -- Vaccination -- Herd-Level Control -- Dairy Herds -- Beef Herds -- Sheep Flocks -- Goat Herds -- Zoos and Game Farms -- CURRENT CONTROL PROGRAMS -- National Programs -- NJWG and Control Plans -- NJWG 1998 Program -- USDA 2002 Program -- Test-Positive Component -- Test-Negative Component -- Laboratory Approval -- NMPF 2002 Proposal -- State Programs -- New York -- Pennsylvania -- Wisconsin -- Non-U.S. Programs -- PRINCIPLES OF CONTROL IMPLEMENTATION -- 5 Economic Implications of Johne's Disease -- TRADE -- Interstate Trade -- International Trade -- Impacts -- 6 Johne's Disease and Crohn's Disease -- CROHN'S DISEASE -- Etiology of Crohn's Disease -- Epidemiology of Crohn's Disease -- IMPLICATIONS OF THE LINK -- Map and Human Disease -- Map and Crohn's Disease -- Comparison of Johne's Disease and Crohn's Disease -- Evidence Required to Support a Cause-and-Effect Relationship -- CONCLUSIONS -- 7 Conclusions and Recommendations -- CONTROL PROGRAMS -- National and International Control Programs -- CONTROL RECOMMENDATIONS -- EDUCATION AND TRAINING RECOMMENDATIONS -- RESEARCH RECOMMENDATIONS -- Epidemiology of Map Infection and Johne's Disease -- Diagnostics and Immunology -- Map Genome Studies -- Vaccine Development -- Human and Animal Health -- References.

Appendix A INTERPRETATION OF DIAGNOSTIC RESULTS -- ESTABLISHING AND COMPARING TEST PERFORMANCE -- Appendix B USAHA VOLUNTARY JOHNE'S DISEASE HERD STATUS PROGRAM FOR CATTLE -- PREFACE -- DEFINITIONS -- PROGRAM PROTOCOL -- Confidentiality -- Entry to the Program -- Standard Track -- Fast Track -- Previously Infected Herds -- Johne's Disease Vaccinated Herds -- Herds Tested Negative Prior to Implementation of this Program -- Animals to Test -- Maintaining a Status Level -- Testing Intervals -- BIOSECURITY -- PROGRAM LEVELS -- Standard Track -- Fast Track -- HERD ADDITIONS -- CHANGES IN HERD STATUS -- APPEAL PROCESS -- APPENDIX I Herd Subset Sampling -- APPENDIX II Voluntary Johne's Disease Herd Status Program Standard Track -- Voluntary Johne's Disease Herd Status Program Fast Track -- Voluntary Johne's Disease Herd Status Program Key to chart-Definition of tests -- Appendix C USDA/APHIS DRAFT JOHNE'S DISEASE CONTROL PROGRAM -- CONTENTS -- INTRODUCTION -- Part I: Definitions and Abbreviations -- PART II. ADMINISTRATION -- 1. Designated Johne's Disease Coordinator (DJC) -- A. General -- B. Qualifications -- C. Responsibilities -- 2. State Johne's Disease Group -- A. General -- B. Recommended members -- 3. Johne's Certified Veterinarians -- A. General -- B. Qualifications. -- C. Responsibilities -- PART III. PROGRAM ELEMENTS AND PROCEDURES -- 1. Education -- A. General -- B. Requirements -- 2. Management -- A. General -- B. Risk assessment -- C. Herd management plan -- D. Renewal -- Herd Testing and Classification -- A. General -- B. Requirements for entrance -- C. Test-positive component (Control and Testing) -- D. Test-negative component (Herd Status) -- PART IV. LABORATORY PROCEDURES -- 1. Approved Laboratories -- A. General -- B. Approval process for laboratories performing official Johne's disease tests.

C. Approval process for laboratories performing screening tests (serology tests) -- 2. Approved Program Tests -- A. Official Johne's disease tests -- B. Screening test -- About the Authors -- Board on Agriculture and Natural Resources Publications -- POLICY AND RESOURCES -- NUTRIENT REQUIREMENTS OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS SERIES AND RELATED TITLES.