Hazardous Materials in the Hydrologic Environment: The Role of Research by the U.S. Geological Survey -- Copyright -- Preface -- Contents -- Executive Summary -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Overview of the Federal Effort in Hazardous Material Regulation and Remediation -- LEGISLATIVE BACKGROUND -- THE EVOLUTION OF RESEARCH IN HYDROLOGY -- OVERVIEW OF RELEVANT USGS PROGRAMS -- COMPARISON OF USGS HYDROLOGIC RESEARCH TO THAT OF OTHER ORGANIZATIONS -- FROM PROCESS DISCOVERY TO APPLICATION: THE ROLE OF THE USGS -- 3 Characterization: Processes and Methods for Improving Understanding -- THE NEED -- STATE-OF-THE-ART OF CHARACTERIZATION -- Constituents -- Processes -- Subsurface Processes -- Surface Processes -- Characterization Methods -- CRITICAL AREAS OF RESEARCH -- OPPORTUNITIES FOR THE USGS -- 4 Remediation -- INTRODUCTION -- STATE-OF-THE-ART IN THE FIELD -- CRITICAL AREAS FOR RESEARCH -- OPPORTUNITIES FOR THE USGS -- 5 Mathematical Models and Decision Support -- PREDICTIVE FLOW AND TRANSPORT MODELS -- Saturated Flow in Porous Media -- Unsaturated Flow in Porous Media -- Multiphase Flow in Porous Media -- Advection and Dispersion -- Radioactive Decay, Biological Processes, and Multiphase Interactions -- Coupled Flow Processes -- Flow and Transport in Fractured Media -- Issues in Flow and Transport Modeling at the USGS -- DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS -- Existing and Potential USGS Initiatives -- OPTIMIZATION AND DECISION ANALYSIS -- DECISION SUPPORT IN THE USGS HAZARDOUS MATERIALS SCIENCE PROGRAM -- OPPORTUNITIES FOR THE USGS IN MODELING -- 6 Conclusions -- OVERALL PROGRAM FRAMEWORK -- USGS COLLABORATION WITH OTHER AGENCIES -- SOME CRITICAL ISSUES -- EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES -- ISSUES IN PLANNING AND IMPLEMENTATION -- References -- Appendix A U.S. Geological Survey Water Resources Division Plan for Hazardous Materials Science -- INTERRELATIONSHIP OF PROGRAMS.

Activities-Research and Methods Development -- Activities-Site-specific Investigations -- Program Development and Interaction -- CORE HYDROLOGIC RESEARCH PROGRAM PLANNING AND DECISION-MAKING PROCESS -- Origin -- Plans for Program Development -- Decision-making Process -- USGS TOXIC SUBSTANCES HYDROLOGY PROGRAM PLANNING AND DECISION-MAKING PROCESS -- Origin -- Plans for Program Development -- Decision-making Process -- FEDERAL-STATE COOPERATIVE PROGRAM PLANNING AND DECISION-MAKING PROCESS -- Origin -- Plans for Program Development -- Decision-making Process -- DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION HYDROLOGY PROGRAM-PLANNING AND DECISION-MAKING PROCESS -- Origin -- Plans for Program Development -- Decision-making Process -- SUMMARY -- Appendix B Biographical Sketches of Committee Members.