LEAD IN THE AMERICAS: A call for action -- Copyright -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- Contents -- PREAMBLE -- INTRODUCTION -- CHAPTER 1 Executive Summary: Action Plan to Reduce Lead in the Americas -- MAKE THE TECHNICAL CHANGES -- ASSEMBLE AND SHARE THE NECESSARY INFORMATION -- BUILD CAPACITY AND TRAIN THE NECESSARY PERSONNEL -- BUILD POLITICAL WILL -- INVOLVE THE TARGET COMMUNITY -- DETERMINE AND COMMUNICATE THE BENEFITS, AND COSTS, OF ELIMINATING LEAD FROM INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES -- IDENTIFY CASES, PREVENT FURTHER EXPOSURES, AND PROVIDE CLINICAL CARE -- EVALUATE THE RESULTS -- FOLLOW-UP -- CHAPTER 2 Setting the Stage: Historical Milestones in the Reduction of Lead in the Americas -- CHAPTER 3 Plenary Sessions -- SESSION A Keynote Address -- LEAD AT THE WORKPLACE AND IN THE ENVIRONMENT: IS IT PREVENTABLE? -- MANAGEMENT OF LEAD HAZARDS IN AN INDUSTRIALIZED COUNTRY-THE CASE OF FINLAND -- MANAGEMENT OF LEAD HAZARDS IN THE WORKPLACE OF DEVELOPING AND NEWLY INDUSTRIALIZED COUNTRIES -- WHAT IS THE ROLE OF RESEARCH IN THE MANAGEMENT OF LEAD HAZARDS? -- SUSTAINABLE PREVENTION OF LEAD POISONING -- SESSION B Health Effects of Lead -- EFFECTS OF LEAD ON CHILDREN'S HEALTH -- SOURCES AND PATHWAYS OF LEAD POISONING IN CHILDREN -- EVOLUTION IN CLINICAL UNDERSTANDING OF THE DANGERS OF LEAD POISONING IN CHILDREN -- SYMPTOMS AND SIGNS OF SEVERE LEAD POISONING IN CHILDREN -- CONCLUSIONS -- EFFECTS OF LEAD ON ADULT HEALTH -- RECOGNITION OF THE PROBLEMA -- ROUTES OF EXPOSURE -- EXCRETION -- HEALTH EFFECTS -- Hematopoetic Effects -- Neurological Effects on the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems -- Renal Effects -- Cardiovascular Effects -- Gastrointestinal Effects -- Skeletal Effects -- Reproductive Effects -- Carcinogenic and Genotoxic Effects -- EXPOSURE INDICATORS -- Clinical Tests -- Clinical Examination -- Treatment -- CONCLUSIONS.

SESSION C Extent, Sources, and Pathways of Lead Exposure in the Hemisphere -- PREVALENCE OF EXPOSURE AND DATA QUALITY OF LEAD CONTAMINATION IN LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN -- METHODS -- RESULTS -- CONCLUSIONS -- NATURE AND EXTENT OF LEAD EXPOSURES AND TOXICITY IN THE AMERICAS -- SESSION D Case Studies of Interventions -- INTRODUCTION: CASE STUDIES OF INTERVENTIONS -- VOLUNTARY INDUSTRY INITIATIVE: REMOVAL OF LEAD SOLDER FROM CANS -- A CASE STUDY IN GOVERNMENT REGULATION: U.S. GASOLINE LEAD REDUCTION -- SOURCES AND PATHWAYS -- EXPOSED POPULATION -- EXPOSURE-BODY BURDEN ASSOCIATION -- BODY BURDEN-EFFECT ASSOCIATION -- CONTROL STRATEGIES AND OPTIONS -- ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT -- BARRIERS TO CHANGE -- ECONOMIC ANALYSIS -- MEASURES OF SUCCESS -- SUMMARY -- ACTIVISM: THE ROLE OF ORGANIZED LABOR IN PROMOTING A HEALTHY WORKPLACE -- HEALTH EFFECTS -- INTERVENTION STRATEGIES -- Education and Training -- Collaborative Research -- Occupational and Environmental Regulation -- Dealing an Honest Hand -- CONCLUSIONS -- COMMUNITY ACTIVISM AND EDUCATION: ACCESS TO NEW KNOWLEDGE AS A BASIS FOR COMMUNITY EMPOWERMENT -- DEFINING THE CULTURAL HEALTH HORIZON -- THE CULTURAL HEALTH HORIZON AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE LOCAL HEALTH SYSTEM -- ALIGNING HEALTH AUTHORITY INTERESTS WITH THOSE OF A COMMUNITY -- ORGANIZATIONAL MODELS: HEALTH COMMITTEES AND NGOs -- COGNITIVE MODELS: POPULAR BELIEFS ABOUT LEAD -- AN ACTION PLAN FOR INCREASING COMMUNITY COMPETENCE ABOUT LEAD HEALTH HAZARDS -- CHAPTER 4 Working Group Summaries -- WORKING GROUP I GASOLINE -- DATA NEEDS -- REDUCING LEAD ADDITIVES IN GASOLINE -- WORKING GROUP II PAINT -- WORKING GROUP III CERAMICWARE GLAZES -- WORKING GROUP IV INDUSTRIAL AND OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH -- WORKING GROUP V FOOD, WATER, AND WASTE DISPOSAL -- WATER -- FOOD -- STRATEGIES.

WORKING GROUP VI TECHNIQUES FOR IMPROVED SURVEILLANCE AND MONITORING OF LEAD EXPOSURE -- Appendixes -- APPENDIX A REFERENCES -- APPENDIX B POSTER PRESENTATIONS -- APPENDIX C ANALYTICAL METHODS FOR BLOOD LEAD MEASUREMENT -- APPENDIX D TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE AND INFORMATION RESOURCES -- ALLIANCE TO END CHILDHOOD LEAD POISONING WASHINGTON, D.C., U.S.A. -- CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION (CDC) ATLANTA, GEORGIA, U.S.A. -- ENVIRONMENTAL DEFENSE FUND (EDF) WASHINGTON, D.C., U.S.A. -- U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (EPA) WASHINGTON, D.C., U.S.A. -- FOGARTY INTERNATIONAL CENTER (FIC), NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH (NIH) BETHESDA, MARYLAND, U.S.A. -- THE U.S. FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION (FDA) WASHINGTON, D.C., U.S.A. -- FUNDACION NATURA QUITO, ECUADOR -- HEALTH RESOURCES AND SERVICE ADMINISTRATION (HRSA) -- INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH CENTRE (IDRC) OTTAWA, ONTARIO, CANADA -- INTERNATIONAL LEAD ZINC RESEARCH ORGANIZATION, INC. (ILZRO) RESEARCH TRIANGLE PARK, NORTH CAROLINA, U.S.A. -- NATIONAL CENTER FOR LEAD-SAFE HOUSING COLUMBIA, MARYLAND, U.S.A. -- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES (NIEHS), NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH (NIH) … -- NATURAL RESOURCES DEFENSE COUNCIL (NRDC) WASHINGTON, D.C., U.S.A. -- CENTER FOR HUMAN ECOLOGY AND HEALTH (ECO), PAN AMERICAN HEALTH ORGANIZATION (PAHO) METEPEC, MEXICO -- APPENDIX E CONFERENCE AGENDA -- ATTACHMENT A -- ATTACHMENT B -- APPENDIX F CONFERENCE PARTICIPANTS.