Poland's Transition to a Market Economy: Prospects for Energy Efficiency and Conservation -- Copyright -- PREFACE -- Contents -- POLAND'S TRANSITION TO A MARKET ECONOMY: PROSPECTS FOR ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND CONSERVATION -- PART I: ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND CONSERVATION POLICY -- INSTITUTIONAL SUPPORT FOR INDUSTRIAL ENERGY PRODUCTION DELIVERY AND CONSUMPTION IN POLAND -- ABSTRACT -- 1. HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF INSTITUTIONAL SUPPORT FOR POLISH ENERGY POLICY -- 2. STRUCTURE OF CURRENT INSTITUTIONAL SUPPORT FOR ENERGY POLICY -- 3. FUTURE CHALLENGES -- STRATEGIES FOR INDUSTRIAL ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND CONSERVATION POLICY: THE ROLE OF GOVERNMENT AT STATE… -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION - POLAND'S ECONOMIC TRANSFORMATION -- 2. GOVERNMENT ENERGY EFFICIENCY POLICY -- Policy Goals -- Implementation of Policies -- 3. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- ENERGY EFFICIENCY POLICY: RELATIONSHIPS AMONG GOVERNMENT, UNIVERSITIES, PRIVATE INDUSTRY, AND CONSUM ... -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. ENERGY POLICY AND INDUSTRIAL ENERGY EFFICIENCY POLICY -- 3. UNIVERSITIES AND RESEARCH CENTERS -- 4. CURRENT DIFFICULTIES DURING THE ECONOMIC TRANSITION -- ENERGY ECONOMIES-ROLE OF PRICES AND FEES IN POLAND -- ABSTRACT -- 1. THE ROLE OF PRICES DURING ECONOMIC TRANSITION -- 2. RESTRUCTURING THE ENERGY SECTOR -- 3. CONCLUSIONS -- ENERGY FOR PEOPLE: REALISTIC PROSPECTS FOR DRAMATIC INCREASES IN ENERGY EFFICIENCY -- 1. INCREASING IMPORTANCE OF ENERGY FOR PEOPLE -- 2. THE POTENTIAL FOR ENERGY EFFICIENCY -- 3. PRACTICAL PROSPECTS FOR ACHIEVING ENERGY EFFICIENCY POTENTIALS -- 4. POLICY DIRECTIONS THAT CAN PRODUCE THE MOST SAVINGS -- Building, Appliance, and Vehicle Efficiency Standards -- Graduated Incentives for Efficiency -- The Development of Appropriate Physical and Institutional Infrastructure -- TRANSPORTATION SECTOR -- UTILITY PROFIT INCENTIVES.

RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ON ENERGY POLICY AND TECHNOLOGY -- ENERGY PRICING -- 5. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS -- PART II: EDUCATION AND TRAINING FOR ENERGY EFFICIENCY -- EDUCATION AND TRAINING FOR SUSTAINABLE UPPER SILESIA DEVELOPMENT -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. ENERGY DEMANDS IN KATOWICE VOIVODSHIP -- 3. DEVELOPMENT TRENDS IN KATOWICE REGION -- 4. EDUCATION AND TRAINING IN THE EFFICIENT UTILIZATION OF ENERGY -- 5. CONCLUSIONS -- PART III: INDUSTRIAL ENERGY EFFICIENCY MANAGEMENT -- INDUSTRIAL ENERGY EFFICIENCY STRATEGIES: INTEGRATING THE GOALS OF INDUSTRIAL COMPETITIVENESS, ENERGY… -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. MAIN FACTORS INFLUENCING THE CONSUMPTION OF ENERGY -- The thermodynamic imperfection of production processes -- Insufficient utilization of waste energy -- Insufficient efficiency of the consumers of final useful energy (cars, electric lamps, TV receivers,… -- Inefficient operation of production and utilization appliances -- Excessive consumption of materials in production processes -- Insufficient utilization of recycled materials obtained from discarded products -- Incorrect structure of industry resulting in excessive fabrication of energy-consuming products -- 3. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF THE ENERGY CONSUMING PROCESSES -- 4. POTENTIAL FOR REDUCTION OF ENERGY CONSUMPTION IN POLISH METALLURGY -- Improvement of recuperation -- Autonomous preheating of combustion reactants -- Jet convection chamber for the preliminary preheating of the rolling charge -- Installation of waste-heat boilers -- Evaporative cooling of furnace elements -- Continuous casting of steel -- Utilization of converter gas -- Expansion turbines for blast furnace gas -- Air enrichment with oxygen for heating furnaces -- Improvement of management of metallurgical furnaces -- 5. CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES.

BASIC PROBLEMS OF ENERGY MANAGEMENT IN THE POLISH CHEMICAL INDUSTRY -- ABSTRACT -- 1. CONSUMPTION OF ENERGY IN THE CHEMICAL INDUSTRY AND ITS STRUCTURE -- 2. ENERGY CONSERVATION PROJECTS AT FERTILIZER PLANTS -- 3. ENERGY RESOURCE BASE IN THE CHEMICAL INDUSTRY -- 4. WASTE HEAT RECOVERY -- 5. SUMMARY -- MODERN RETROFIT PROBLEMS OF STEAM TURBINES -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. MODERNIZATION THROUGH INCREASED EFFICIENCY -- 3. RETROFIT VERSUS LIFE PROLONGATION OF THE TURBINE -- 4. CONCLUSIONS -- MANAGING INDUSTRIAL ENERGY CONSERVATION PROGRAMS: WHAT DO WE THINK WE LEARNED? -- 1. INDUSTRIAL ENERGY CONSERVATION PROGRAMS IN PERSPECTIVE -- 2. RISING EFFICIENCY-WHY DOES IT HAPPEN? -- 3. TECHNOLOGICAL PROGRESS -- Thermodynamic limits-setting the targets -- Tracking energy intensity's fall -- Learning curves-growing our way to lower energy intensity -- 4. COST OPTIMIZATION -- A Trade of Capital for Energy -- What Happpened in the Late 1970s and Early 1980s in U.S. Companies? -- REFERENCES -- U.S. ELECTRICITY TECHNOLOGIES -- ABSTRACT -- 1. THE ELECTRIC POWER RESEARCH INSTITUTE (EPRI) -- 2. ENERGY SUPPLY -- 3. ENERGY DELIVERY -- 4. ENERGY END USE -- 5. CONCLUSIONS -- PART IV: ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN BUILDINGS -- ENERGY USE IN BUILDINGS IN UPPER SILESIA -- ABSTRACT -- 1. THE STRUCTURE OF HOUSING HEATING DEMANDS -- District heating system -- Individually heated homes -- Problems with the existing structure -- 2. RESTRUCTURING THE MANAGEMENT OF CENTRAL DISTRICT HEATING SYSTEMS. -- Development prospects -- Choice of equipment manufacturers -- Investment outlay -- 3. MODIFICATIONS TO BUILDINGS WITH INDIVIDUAL HEAT SOURCES -- 4. CONCLUSIONS -- ENERGY CONSERVATION AND END-USE RESEARCH IN BUILDINGS -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. ELECTRICITY SAVINGS THROUGH IMPROVED CONTROL OF VENTILATION FANS -- 3. MONITORING ENERGY SAVINGS.

4. OFFICE ELECTRONICS-DOING IT RIGHT THE FIRST TIME -- 5. LIGHTING DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS -- 6. CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- THE ACT2 PROJECT: DEMONSTRATION OF MAXIMUM ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN REAL BUILDINGS -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. PROJECT RATIONALE -- Background -- Project Benefits -- 3. PROJECT APPROACH -- Planning and Organization -- Pilot Demonstration Building -- The Design Challenge -- 4. DEMONSTRATION RESULTS TO DATE -- 5. FUTURE PLANS FOR ACT2 -- PART V: ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT -- ANTICIPATED TRENDS IN RATIONALIZATION OF ENERGY CONSUMPTION IN POLAND AND THEIR IMPACT ON AIR POLLUTION -- ABSTRACT -- 1. AIR POLLUTION PROBLEMS IN POLAND -- 2. GOALS FOR AIR POLLUTION CONTROL -- 3. ENERGY CONSERVATION (RATIONALIZATION) -- REFERENCES -- CLEAN COAL TECHNOLOGY UNDER POLISH CONDITIONS -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. THE PROBLEM OF COAL MINING WASTES -- 3. THE PROBLEM OF SULFUR IN COAL -- 4. THE PROBLEM OF SALINE WATERS -- ELECTRICITY TECHNOLOGIES AND THEIR ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS -- ABSTRACT -- 1. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF ELECTRICITY SUPPLY -- 2. SOURCES OF ENERGY IN POLAND -- 3. ELECTRIC POWER INDUSTRY IN POLAND -- 4. PLANS FOR THE FUTURE -- RENEWABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES IN POLAND -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. HYDROELECTRIC POWER -- 3. WIND POWER -- 4. DIRECT SOLAR ENERGY -- 5. BIOMASS ENERGY -- 6. GEOTHERMAL ENERGY -- 7. CONCLUSION -- APPENDICES -- APPENDIX 1: LIST OF WORKSHOP PARTICIPANTS -- 1. POLISH PARTICIPANTS -- 2. U.S. PARTICIPANTS -- APPENDIX 2: LIST OF ASSOCIATED VISITS IN PENNSYLVANIA -- APPENDIX 3: WORKSHOP AGENDA.