Contents -- Astronomy and Astrophysics in the New Millennium -- The Telescope as a Time Machine -- The First Sources of Light in the Universe -- How Galaxies Took Shape -- Violent Events in the Cosmos -- What Happens at the Heart of a Galaxy -- The Origins of Stars and Planets -- Surveying the Universe with Increased Accuracy -- Gravitational Radiation: A New Way to See the Cosmos -- Solar Astrophysics -- The Quest for Other Earths -- High-Priority Projects in Astronomy and Astrophysics.