Cover -- Preface to the Second Edition -- Preface to the First Edition -- Contents -- Chapter-1. The Crystal Structure -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Crystal Planes and Miller Indices -- 1.3 Diffraction of X-Rays -- 1.3.1 Bragg's Law of Diffraction -- 1.4 Reciprocal Lattice -- 1.5 Powder Method -- 1.5.1 Debye-Scherrer Method -- 1.5.2 The Powder Diffractometer -- 1.5.3 Indexing the Powder Patterns -- 1.5.4 Use of X-ray Powder Patterns -- 1.6 Crystal Defects -- 1.6.1 Point Defects -- 1.6.2 Defect Equations -- 1.6.3 Vacancy Concentration in a Metal -- 1.6.4 Schottky Defect Concentration in an Ionic Crystal -- 1.6.5 Frenkel Defect Concentration -- 1.6.6 Dislocations -- 1.6.7 Plane Defects or Grain Boundaries -- Suggested Reading -- Chapter-2. Bonding in Solids -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 van der Waals Forces -- 2.3 Covalency -- 2.4 Ionic Bond -- 2.4.1 Effect of Polarization -- 2.4.2 Empirical Lattice Energy Equation -- 2.5 Ionic Radii -- 2.6 Bonding in Metals -- 2.6.1 Pauling's Valence Bond Method -- 2.7 Types of Solids -- 2.8 Mechanical Properties of Solids -- Suggested Reading -- Chapter-3. Structure of Solids -- 3.1 Close Packing of Atoms -- 3.2 Structure of Metals -- 3.2.1 Body Centred Cubic Metals -- 3.3 Structure of Binary and Ternary Compounds -- 3.3.1 Octahedral and Tetrahedral Voids -- 3.3.2 Radius Ratio Rule -- 3.4 Structure of Ionic Crystals -- 3.4.1 Crystals with Stoichiometry MX -- 3.4.2 Crystals with Stoichiometry MX2 -- 3.4.3 The Spinel Structure -- 3.4.4 The Perovskite Structure -- 3.4.5 Specific Defect Structures -- Suggested Reading -- Chapter-4. Nonstoichiometry in Solids -- 4.1 Thermodynamic Considerations -- 4.1.1 Oxygen Deficient Oxide -- 4.1.2 Metal Deficient Oxides -- 4.2 Classification of Non-stoichiometry -- 4.2.1 Small Deviation from Stoichiometry -- 4.2.2 Large Deviation from Stoichiometry.

4.3 Superlattice Ordering of Defects -- 4.4 Shear Structure -- Suggested Reading -- Chapter-5. Phase Transition in Solids -- 5.1 Thermodynamic Considerations -- 5.2 Types of Phase Transitions -- 5.2.1 Order-disorder Transformation -- 5.2.2 Martensitic Transition -- 5.2.3 Polymorphic Transformation -- 5.2.4 Recrystallization -- 5.2.5 Polytypes -- 5.3 Phase Rule -- 5.4 Two-Component System -- 5.4.1 Solid-liquid Phase Diagram -- 5.5 Rate of Phase Transition -- 5.6 Sintering -- 5.7 Growing Single Crystals -- 5.7.1 Practical Methods of Growing Crystals -- Suggested Reading -- Chapter-6. Reactions of Solids -- 6.1 Thermal Decomposition -- 6.1.1 Laws of Nucleation and Growth -- 6.1.2 Some Type I Reactions -- 6.1.3 Reaction between Two Solids -- 6.1.4 Improving Solid-Solid Reactions -- 6.2 Diffusion in Solids -- 6.2.1 Atomic Approach -- 6.2.2 Diffusion Equation -- 6.2.3 The Continuum Method -- Suggested Reading -- Chapter-7. Electrical Properties -- 7.1 Free Electron Theory -- 7.1.1 Fermi Energy -- 7.1.2 Energy Distribution Function -- 7.1.3 Electrical Conductivity of Metals -- 7.2 Band Theory -- 7.2.1 Effective Mass of the Electron -- 7.2.2 Conductors, Insulators and Semiconductors -- 7.2.3 The Hole -- 7.3 Semiconductors -- 7.3.1 Fermi Level in Semiconductors -- 7.3.2 Properties of Semiconductor -- 7.4 Properties of Junction -- 7.4.1 Metal-metal Junction -- 7.4.2 Metal-semiconductor Junction -- 7.4.3 p-n Junction -- 7.4.4 Transistors -- 7.4.5 Integrated Circuits -- 7.5 Semiconducting Materials -- 7.5.1 Elemental Semiconductors -- 7.5.2. III-V Semiconductors -- Suggested Reading -- Chapter-8. Magnetic Properties -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.1.1 Some Measurable Quantities -- 8.1.2 Magnetic Dipole in a Uniform Field -- 8.2 Classification of Magnetic Materials -- 8.3 Diamagnetism - The Langevin Equation -- 8.3.1 Magnetic Susceptibility of Compounds.

8.4 Paramagnetism -- 8.4.1 Multi-electron Atoms -- 8.4.2 Paramagnetic Susceptibility of Free Ions -- 8.4.3 Magnetic Properties of the Compounds of the Lanthanides -- 8.4.4 Effect of Crystal Field -- 8.4.5 Magnetic Property of the First Transition Series Elements -- 8.4.6 Paramagnetism in Metals -- 8.4.7 Experimental Determination of Susceptibility -- 8.5 Ferromagnetism -- 8.5.1 Molecular Field Theory -- 8.6 Antiferromagnetism -- 8.6.1 Molecular Field in Antiferromagnets -- 8.7 Ferrimagnetism -- 8.7.1 Indirect Exchange Interaction -- 8.7.2 Magnetocrystalline Anisotropy -- 8.7.3 Magnetization of a Ferromagnetic Substance -- 8.8 Mossbauer Spectroscopy -- 8.8.1 Important Mössbauer Parameters -- 8.8.2 Application of Mössbauer Spectroscopy in the Study of Ferrites -- Suggested Reading -- Chapter-9. Optical and Dielectric Properties -- 9.1 Luminescence -- 9.1.1 Frank-Condon Principle and its Consequence -- 9.1.2 Laser and Maser Action -- 9.1.3 Application of Laser -- 9.2 Dielectric Properties -- 9.2.1 Dependence of Dielectric Constant on Frequency -- 9.2.2 Piezoelectric Material -- 9.2.3 Ferroelectricity -- 9.2.4 Applications -- Suggested Reading -- Chapter-10. Solid Surface -- 10.1 Surface Force -- 10.1.1 Forces of Physical Adsorption -- 10.1.2 Chemisorption on Metals -- 10.1.3 Surface States -- 10.2 Adsorption Isotherm -- 10.3 Thermodynamics of Adsorption -- 10.3.1 Surface Tension -- 10.4 Surface Structure -- 10.4.1 LEED Method -- 10.5 Surface Composition -- 10.5.1 ESCA -- 10.5.2 The Instrument -- 10.6 Clean Metal Surfaces -- 10.7 Catalysis by Solids -- 10.7.1 The Reaction Path -- 10.7.2 Langmuir-Hinshelwood Model -- 10.7.3 Rideal-Eley Model -- Suggested Reading -- Chapter-11. Superconductivity -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Basic Experimental Facts -- 11.3 Thermodynamic Relations -- 11.4 London Equation -- 11.4.1 Coherence Length.

11.4.2 Evidence of Gap in Energy Spectrum -- 11.5 Microscopic Theory -- 11.5.1 Josephson Tunneling -- 11.6 Occurrence of Superconductivity -- 11.6.1 Conventional Superconductors -- 11.6.2 Organic Superconductors -- 11.6.3 Fullerenes -- 11.6.4 High Temperature Superconductors -- 11.7 Applications -- Suggested Reading -- Index.