Cover -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- Section-I Fundamentals of Organic Chemistry -- Chapter 1 Atomic Bonding -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Valence Bond Theory -- 1.3 Molecular Orbital Theory (MOT) -- 1.3.1 Formation of Bonding Molecular Orbital (Additive Overlapping of Two Atomic Orbitals) -- 1.3.2 Formation of Antibonding Molecular Orbital (ABMO)(Subtractive Overlapping of Two Atomic Orbitals) -- 1.3.3 Rules for Linear Combination of Atomic Orbitals -- 1.3.4 Rules for Filling up of Molecular Orbitals -- 1.3.5 MO Diagram -- 1.3.6 Bond Order or Bond Multiplicity -- 1.3.7 Difference between Atomic Orbitals and Molecular Orbitals -- 1.3.8 Similarities between Atomic Orbitals and Molecular Orbitals -- 1.4 VSEPR Theory -- 1.4.1 Postulates of VSEPR Theory -- 1.5 Metallic Crystal -- 1.5.1 Factors Favouring the Formation of Metallic Bond -- 1.5.2 Nature of Metallic Bond -- 1.5.3 Some of the Physical Properties of Metals and their Explanation on the Basis of Electron-gas Theory -- 1.6 Hydrogen Bond -- 1.6.1 What is Hydrogen Bond? -- 1.6.2 Types of Hydrogen Bonding -- 1.6.3 Nature and Formation of Hydrogen Bond -- 1.6.4 Conditions for the Formation of Hydrogen Bond -- 1.6.5 Strength of H-bond -- 1.6.6 Effect of Hydrogen Bonding on the Physical Properties of the Compounds Containing Hydrogen Bonds -- Chapter 2 Stereochemistry -- 2.1 Isomerism -- 2.1.1 Structural Isomerism -- 2.2 Stereoisomerism -- 2.2.1 General Terms Encountered in Stereochemistry or Causes of Optical Isomerism -- 2.3 Optical Isomerism and Chirality -- 2.3.1 Optical Activity -- 2.3.2 The Polarimeter -- 2.3.3 Calculation of Number of Optical Isomers -- 2.4 Compounds Containing More Than One Chiral Centres -- 2.5 Specific Configuration for Compounds Containing More than one Chiral Centre -- 2.6 Geometrical Isomerism or CIS-Trans Isomerism -- 2.7 Racemization.

2.8 Walden Inversion -- 2.9 To Assign 'E-Z' Configuration and 'R-S' Configuration on the Basis of Sequence Rule -- 2.10 Conversion of 3-Dimensional Structures to Fischer Projection Formula -- 2.11 Optically Active Compounds Without Chiral Centre -- 2.11.1 Chirality in Allenes -- 2.11.2 Chirality in Spirans -- 2.11.3 Chirality in Biphenyls -- 2.12 Conformational Analysis -- 2.12.1 Conformers of Ethane -- 2.12.2 Conformations of n-Butane -- 2.12.3 Conformations of 1,2-Dichloro Ethane -- Chapter 3 Reaction Intermediates and Factors Affecting Reactivity -- 3.1 Carbonium Ion or Carbocations -- 3.1.1 Classification of Carbonium Ions -- 3.1.2 Formation of Carbonium Ions -- 3.1.3 Order of Stability of Carbonium Ions -- 3.1.4 Structure of Carbonium Ion -- 3.2 Carbanions -- 3.2.1 Classification of Carbanions -- 3.2.2 Structure of Carbanions -- 3.2.3 Stability of Carbanions -- 3.2.4 Explanation for the Order of Stability of Carbanions -- 3.2.5 Properties of Carbanion -- 3.3 Free Radicals -- 3.3.1 Structure -- 3.3.2 Stability Order -- 3.3.3 Formation of Free Radicals -- 3.4 Carbenes -- 3.4.1 Structure of Carbenes -- 3.4.2 Carbenes as Reaction Intermediates -- 3.5 Nitrenes or Imidogens -- 3.6 Benzynes or Arynes -- 3.7 Factors Affecting Reactivity -- 3.8 Hyperconjugation -- 3.8.1 Theories of Hyperconjugation -- 3.8.2 Types of Hyperconjugation -- Section II Classification of Name Reactions on the Basis of Product Formed -- Chapter 1 Reactions Yielding Carbonyl Compounds -- 1.1 Aldol Condensation -- 1.2 Gattermann Synthesis -- 1.3 Rosenmund Reduction -- 1.4 Sommelet Reaction -- 1.5 Baker-Venkataraman Reaction -- 1.6 Carroll Rearrangement -- 1.7 NEF Reaction -- 1.8 Robinson Annulation -- 1.9 Friedel-Crafts Acylation -- 1.10 Mannich Reaction -- 1.11 Dieckmann Condensation -- Chapter 2 Reactions Yielding Alcohol/Hydroxy Carboxylic Acid/Phenols.

2.1 Meerwein-Ponndorf-Verley Reduction -- 2.2 Blanc Reaction (Blanc Chloromethylation) -- 2.3 Brown Hydroboration -- 2.4 Cannizzaro Reaction -- 2.5 Nozaki-Hiyama-Kishi Reaction -- 2.6 Oppenauer Oxidation -- 2.7 Grignard Reaction -- 2.8 Evans Aldol Reaction -- 2.9 Dienone-Phenol Rearrangement -- 2.10 Bamberger Rearrangement -- Chapter 3 Reactions Yielding Arenes -- 3.1 Friedel-Crafts Alkylation Reaction -- 3.2 Benzoin Condensation -- Chapter 4 Reactions Yielding Saturated and Unsaturated Hydrocarbons -- 4.1 Clemmensen Reduction -- 4.2 Wolff-Kishner Reduction -- 4.3 Kolbe Electrolytic Reaction -- 4.4 Chugaev Reaction -- 4.5 Cope Elimination Reaction -- 4.6 McMurry Coupling -- 4.7 Birch Reduction -- 4.8 Peterson Olefination -- 4.9 Shapiro Reaction -- 4.10 Hoffmann Elimination Reaction (Hoffmann Degradation) -- 4.11 Di-π Methane Rearrangement (Zimmerman Rearrangement) -- Chapter 5 Reactions Yielding Carboxylic Acids and Derivatives -- 5.1 Kolbe-Schmidt Reaction -- 5.2 Conjugated Carboxylic Acid: Knoevenagel Condensation -- 5.3 Perkin Reaction -- 5.4 Michael Reaction -- 5.5 Darzens Glycidic Ester Condensation -- 5.6 Stobbe Condensation -- 5.7 Yamaguchi Esterification -- 5.8 Reformatsky Reaction (Reformatskii Reaction) -- Chapter 6 Reactions Yielding Heterocyclic Compounds and Derivatives -- 6.1 Paterno-Buchi Reaction -- 6.2 Chichibabin Reaction (Amination of Nitrogen Heterocycles) -- 6.3 Bischler Napieralski Reaction -- 6.4 Fischer Indole Synthesis -- 6.5 Bartoli Reaction (Bartoli Indole Synthesis) -- 6.6 Hegedus Indole Synthesis -- Chapter 7 Reactions Yielding Halogen/Derivatives -- 7.1 Hydroboration -- 7.2 Wohl-Ziegler Bromination -- 7.3 Haloform Reaction -- 7.4 Hell-Volhard-Zelinsky Reaction -- Chapter 8 Miscellaneous Reactions -- 8.1 Wolff Rearrangement -- 8.2 Bucherer Reaction -- 8.3 Robinson-Gabriel Synthesis -- 8.4 Fishcer Oxazole Synthesis.

8.5 Smiles Rearrangement -- 8.6 Diazo Coupling (Diazo Compounds) -- 8.7 Claisen Ester Condensation -- 8.8 Sharpless Epoxidation (Epoxy Alcohol) -- 8.9 Chapmann Rearrangement -- 8.10 Overmann Rearrangement -- 8.11 Gabriel Synthesis -- 8.12 Diels-Alder Reaction -- 8.13 Ullmann Reaction -- Section III Rearrangements: Classification and Mechanism -- Chapter 1 Rearrangements Induced by Cationic or Electron Deficient Sites (Carbon) -- 1.1 Wagner-Meerwein Rearrangement -- 1.2 Pinacol Rearrangement -- 1.3 Tiffeneau-Demjanov Rearrangement -- 1.4 Allylic Rearrangement -- Chapter 2 Rearrangements to Electron Deficient Hetero Atom -- 2.1 Rearrangements to Cationic Oxygen -- 2.1.1 Baeyer-Villiger Oxidation -- 2.1.2 Darkin Rearrangement -- 2.2 Rearrangements to Electron Deficient Nitrogen -- 2.2.1 Beckmann Rearrangement -- 2.2.2 Hoffmann Rearrangement -- 2.2.3 Schmidt Rearrangement -- 2.2.4 Lossen Rearrangement -- 2.2.5 Curtius Rearrangement -- Chapter 3 Rearrangements to Acyl Carbenes -- 3.1 Criegee Rearrangement -- Chapter 4 Rearrangements Induced by Bases or Electron Rich Sites (Carbon) -- 4.1 Benzylic Acid Rearrangement -- 4.2 Wittig Rearrangement -- 4.3 Steven Rearrangement -- 4.4 Favorskii Rearrangement -- 4.5 Neber Rearrangement -- Chapter 5 Rearrangements Occurring by Addition-Elimination Mechanism -- 5.1 Payne Rearrangement -- 5.2 Grob Rearrangement/Grob Fragmentation -- 5.3 Sommelet Hauser Rearrangement -- Chapter 6 Rearrangements in Pericyclic Reactions -- 6.1 Cope Rearrangement -- 6.2 Claisen Rearrangement -- Chapter 7 Aromatic Rearrangements -- 7.1 Fries Rearrangement -- 7.2 Riemer-Tiemann Reaction -- 7.3 Benzidine Rearrangement -- Section IV Organic Reactions and Their Mechanisms -- Chapter 1 Substitution Reactions -- 1.1 Aliphatic Nucleophilic Substitution -- 1.2 Aromatic Nucleophilic Substitution -- 1.3 Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution.

1.4 Electrophilic Aliphatic Substitution -- 1.5 Free Radical Substitution Reaction -- 1.6 Neighbouring Group Participation -- Chapter 2 Elimination Reactions -- 2.1 Beta-Elimination Reactions-Bimolecular or E2 Elimination -- 2.2 Beta-Elimination Reactions-Unimolecular or E1 Elimination -- 2.3 E1cB Elimination Reaction-Conjugate Base Unimolecular Elimination -- 2.4 Internal Elimination (Ei) -- Chapter 3 Addition Reactions -- 3.1 Electrophilic Addition Reactions (Addition of Hydrogen Halides to Alkenes) -- Chapter 4 Pericyclic Reactions -- 4.1 Electrocyclic Reactions -- 4.2 Cycloadditions -- 4.3 Cheletropic Reactions -- 4.4 Sigmatropic Reactions or Rearrangements -- Appendix 1 Claisen and Cope Related Rearrangements -- Appendix 2 Claisen and Cope Related Rearrangements -- Index.