Contents -- Introduction: The Idea of Collectivity -- References -- 1. Different Societies? Different Cultures? What are Human Collectivities? -- Collectivity in social science -- Collectivity as an emergent product of interaction -- The state of Denmark -- Beyond societies? -- References -- 2. The Construction of Collective Identities and the Continual Reconstruction of Primordiality -- Part I Analytical considerations -- Part II Comparative indications: The cultural programme and the construction of collective identities in pre-modern society -- Part III The construction of collective identities and boundaries in modern societies: the cultural and political programme of modernity -- Part IV The contemporary scene - beyond the hegemony of the nation and revolutionary state model -- Notes -- References -- 3. The Fundamentals of the Theory of Ethnicity -- The theoretical problems of community and primordial relations -- The primordial community in a wider context -- The expansion of small- scale ethnic communities and the formation of ethnies -- Ethnic nations and the modernising nation state -- Nations and empires -- The breakdown of empire and the post- imperial situation -- Migrant ethnic communities -- Policy responses and host society attitudes to immigration -- Conclusion -- Notes -- Referencess -- 4. Nationalism and Modernity -- References -- 5. The Morphogenesis of Nation -- Realist social theory -- Conflation in existing theories of nation formation -- The morphogenesis of nation -- Notes -- References -- 6. Cultural Variety or Variety of Cultures? -- References -- 7. A Disagreement about Difference -- How homogeneous must we be? -- The melting pot -- No essence but existences -- Hopes and fears for the majority of humankind -- Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- 8. Identity: Conceptual, Operational and Historical Critique.

The idea of identity -- Measuring the invisible -- SCHEMA A Ethnic Identity 1 -- SCHEMA B Ethnic Identity 2 -- The identity of ethnic altruism -- 'Identity' in the historical vacuum -- Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- Notes on Contributors -- Index -- Africa -- 45 -- 66 -- 77 -- 113 -- 191 -2 -- Afro-Americans -- 106 -- 186 -- 187 -- agency -- 58 -- 59 -60 -- 129 -- 148 -50 -- and culture 142 -3 -- and culture 144 -- and culture 147 -- and structure 139 -44 -- and structure 147 -- corporate and primary 144 -5 -- corporate and primary 153 -4 -- corporate and primary 155 -6 -- corporate and primary 157 -8 -- corporate and primary 159 -64 -- agrarian society/pre-national societies -- agrarian society/pre-national societies 8 -- agrarian society/pre-national societies 152 -3 -- analytical dualism -- 140 -2 -- 152 -- Anderson, Benedict -- 10 -- 21 -- 98 -- 125 -- Andhra 55 -- anthropology -- 10 -- 15 -- 16 -- Arabic language 97 -- Archer, Margaret -- 8 -- 139 -45 -- 146 -- 149 -- 152 -- Corporate Agency 153 -4 -- Corporate Agency 158 -- Corporate Agency 161 -- Corporate Agency 162 -- Arendt, Hannah 172 -3 -- Aristotle 124 -- Armenia 66 -- army -- 152 -- 157 -- assimilationism -- 114 -- 115 -16 -- associative relations -- 89 -90 -- 91 -- Assyria -- 44 -- 45 -- asylum seekers -- 112 -13 -- 115 -- 213 -- attachments -- 90 -1 -- 94 -- Austro-Hungarian empire -- 104 -- 189 -- axial age civilisations -- 3 -- 7 -- 40 -- 46 -53 -- religions 37 -- religions 47 -- religions 49 -52 -- vernacularisation 55 -8 -- Ayudhya 55 -- Aztecs 45 -- Balkans 77 -- Banks, M. 100 -- Bannister, D. 206 -- Banton, M. 209 -10 -- barbarism -- 67 -- 68 -- Barth, Fredrik -- 16 -- 20 -- 30 -- 31 -- 95 -- basic group identity 200 -1 -- Basques 203 -- Baumann, Z. -- Baumann, Z 134 -- Baumann, Z 136 -- Beck, Ulrich -- 125 -- 128 -- 171 -- 196.

behaviour, common -- 6 -7 -- 18 -- 19 -- 21 -- being-in-the-world 135 -- Belgian empire 104 -- Bell, Daniel 185 -- Benedict, Ruth -- 167 -- 210 -- Bentham, Jeremy 126 -- Berger, Jon 174 -- Berger, P. -- Berger, P 20 -- Berger, P 127 -8 -- Berlin, Isaiah 126 -- boundaries -- 30 -1 -- construction of 33 -7 -- crossing 36 -- crossing 45 -- fuzziness 13 -- fuzziness 23 -4 -- fuzziness 93 -- fuzziness 95 -- institutionalisation of 40 -1 -- maintenance 20 -- maintenance 21 -- need for 173 -4 -- organisational/institutional 33 -- organisational/institutional 35 -- perpetual renewal 16 -- perpetual renewal 17 -- perpetual renewal 28 -- perpetual renewal 29 -30 -- symbolic 33 -- symbolic 35 -- Bourdieu, P. -- Bourdieu, P 2 -- Bourdieu, P 129 -- Bourdieu, P 133 -4 -- Bourdieu, P 202 -- bourgeoisie 158 -- Brazil -- 70 -- 71 -- Britain, and multiculturalism 114 -- British empire 104 -- Brubaker, R. -- Brubaker, R 198 -- Brubaker, R 202 -- Buddhism -- 50 -- 53 -- 54 -- 77 -- bureaucracy, development of -- 156 -- 157 -- 162 -- Bush, George W. 5 -- Byzantine empire 52 -- b]orders 170 -- Calhoun, John 185 -- Cambodia 66 -- Canada -- 185 -- Huron ethnicity 103 -- capitalism 122 -- Castells, Manuel 196 -- Catalans -- 102 -- 203 -- categories and groups 18 -- Chalukayas -- fear of 34 -5 -- China -- 52 -- 73 -- 74 -- 75 -- Chinese language -- 56 -- 57 -8 -- Cholas 55 -- Christian X 26 -- Christianity -- 50 -- 77 -- 78 -- church, national 25 -- citizenship -- 63 -- 66 -- 176 -- city-states -- 156 -- 160 -- civic nationalism -- 5 -- 9 -- 182 -- 186 -- 192 -- civil nationalism -- 5 -- 9 -- 182 -- 184 -- 192 -- civilised man 62 -- civility/civic consciousness -- 37 -8 -- 41 -- class consciousness -- 122 -- 210 -- 211 -- 212 -- class-for-itself/class-in-itself -- 2 -- 16 -- 18 -- classificatory orders -- 19 -20 -- and common behaviour 6 -7.

and common behaviour 18 -- and common behaviour 19 -- and common behaviour 21 -- and imagination 21 -- and imagination 27 -- and imagination 33 -- and imagination 97 -8 -- and longevity 14 -- and longevity 23 -- and longevity 24 -5 -- and longevity 28 -9 -- and membership 3 -- and membership 4 -- and membership 5 -- and membership 13 -- and membership 21 -2 -- and membership 45 -- as culture 15 -- as product of interaction 16 -23 -- as product of interaction 33 -5 -- as symbolic complexes 6 -- as symbolic complexes 17 -- as symbolic complexes 20 -1 -- as symbolic complexes 28 -- cultural programmes 38 -9 -- cultural programmes 40 -- cultural programmes 47 -8 -- cultural programmes 50 -- cultural programmes 51 -- cultural programmes 52 -- forms of 3 -4 -- in social sciences 14 -17 -- intentionally created 1 -2 -- intentionally created 4 -- materiality of 19 -- more-than-the-sum-of-the-parts 1 -- more-than-the-sum-of-the-parts 12 -- more-than-the-sum-of-the-parts 16 -- more-than-the-sum-of-the-parts 21 -- more-than-the-sum-of-the-parts 22 -3 -- more-than-the-sum-of-the-parts 28 -- more-than-the-sum-of-the-parts 30 -- problems in conceptualising 12 -14 -- problems in conceptualising 15 -- shared knowledge 6 -- shared knowledge 17 -18 -- shared knowledge 19 -- shared knowledge 20 -- shared knowledge 21 -- shared objectives 16 -- shared symbolism 27 -- similarity of members 36 -- similarity of members 39 -40 -- similarity of members 41 -- social-constructivist approach 17 -- social-constructivist approach 18 -- social-constructivist approach 21 -- Clifford, J. 113 -- Code Napoléon 73 -- Cohen, Anthony -- 16 -- 20 -- collective consciousness 6 -- collective identities -- 7 -- 33 -82 -- and codes/themes 36 -8 -- and codes/themes 41 -2 -- and codes/themes 45 -6 -- and codes/themes 64.

and continual contestation 60 -1 -- and continual contestation 63 -- and continual contestation 67 -- and destructive potential 42 -3 -- and destructive potential 66 -- and equality 41 -- and exclusion 43 -- and exclusion 67 -- and exclusion 68 -- and influential social actors 40 -2 -- and influential social actors 47 -- and influential social actors 50 -- and influential social actors 61 -- and influential social actors 65 -- and intersocietal interaction 4 -- and intersocietal interaction 48 -9 -- and political order 61 -2 -- and religion 78 -- and social movements 65 -6 -- and symbolism 41 -- different modes of 67 -76 -- disintegration and reconstruction 43 -4 -- disintegration and reconstruction 49 -51 -- distinctiveness of 36 -- distinctiveness of 39 -- distinctiveness of 40 -- distinctiveness of 41 -- in axial age civilisations 46 -53 -- in contemporary world 76 -82 -- in Japan 53 -5 -- in Latin America 68 -71 -- in modern societies 58 -76 -- in pre-modern societies 45 -58 -- in United States 71 -3 -- new types of 77 -8 -- secular codes 61 -- collectivity/collectivities -- 2 -3 -- 6 -- and class consciousness 122 -- colonial societies -- 88 -- 104 -- 105 -- Comaroff, J.L. 146 -- communism -- 73 -4 -- 79 -- 211 -- community/communities -- 88 -- 89 -95 -- and association 89 -90 -- and association 91 -- and ethnicity 93 -4 -- and primordial relations 45 -- and primordial relations 89 -94 -- closed 93 -- nation and 165 -- conflationism -- 8 -- 139 -40 -- 146 -51 -- Confucianism -- 50 -- 51 -- 53 -- 54 -- 75 -- Congo-Zaire 192 -- constructionism, and nation formation 146 -- Cooper, F. -- Cooper, F 198 -- Cooper, F 202 -- corporate agents -- 144 -5 -- 153 -4 -- 155 -6 -- 157 -8 -- 159 -64 -- creolisations -- 9 -- 171 -2 -- Cuban-Americans 187 -- culture -- 6 -- 9 -- 31 -- and agency 142 -3.

and agency 144.