Cover -- Contents -- Dedication -- Preface -- Acknowledgement -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- List of Abbreviations -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Growth of Subscribers -- 1.2 Technology Evolution -- 1.2.1 2G to 3G -- 1.2.2 Beyond 3G -- 1.2.3 3.5G -- 1.2.4 3rd Generation Partnership Project-Long Term Evolution -- 1.2.5 4G -- 1.3 Motivation: Requirements for 4G -- 1.4 Focus of This Book -- 1.5 Organization of the Book -- 2 Wireless Channel, Multicarrier Systems and Cellular Architecture -- 2.1 Physical Characteristics of Multipath Channels -- 2.1.1 Multipath Scenario -- 2.1.2 Doppler Effect -- 2.1.3 Shadow Fading or Shadowing -- 2.1.4 Propagation Path Loss -- 2.2 The Benefit of Using Multicarrier Transmission -- 2.3 OFDM -- 2.3.1 OFDM Fundamentals -- 2.3.2 Parameters Values for OFDM Based Standards -- 2.4 Multi-User OFDM Systems -- 2.4.1 Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access -- 2.4.2 OFDMA Based Standards -- 2.5 Multi-Antenna OFDM Systems -- 2.5.1 Multi-Antenna and Diversity -- 2.5.2 Multi-Antenna and Spatial Multiplexing -- 2.5.3 Usability of Multi-Antenna Techniques in OFDM Systems -- 2.6 Cellular Architecture -- 2.6.1 Frequency Re-Use -- 2.6.2 System Capacity and Interference -- 2.6.3 Percentage Area Coverage -- 3 Adaptive Subcarrier Bandwidth -- 3.1 Adaptive Subcarrier Bandwidth in TDM-OFDM -- 3.1.1 System Description -- 3.1.2 Analytical Model -- 3.1.3 Algorithm for Adaptive Bandwidth for Subcarriers -- 3.1.4 Results and Discussion -- 3.1.5 Conclusion -- 3.2 OFDMA Framework -- 3.2.1 Analytical Model -- 3.2.2 Results and Discussion -- 3.2.3 Conclusion -- 3.3 Summary -- 4 Variable Guard Interval -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 System Description -- 4.3 Required GI -- 4.4 Performance and Discussion -- 4.5 Conclusion -- 5 Hybrid Multicarrier Spread Spectrum -- 5.1 Subcarrier Hopping Multicarrier Spread Spectrum -- 5.1.1 Introduction.

5.1.2 System Description -- 5.1.3 Analytical Model -- 5.1.4 Simulation Results and Discussion -- 5.1.5 Conclusion -- 5.2 MC-SS with Receiver Impairments -- 5.2.1 Introduction -- 5.2.2 System Description -- 5.2.3 Simulation Environment, Results and Discussion -- 5.2.4 Conclusion -- 5.3 Summary -- 6 Coordinated Subcarrier and Band Hopping in OFDMA Systems -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Multiple Access (or Channelization) Approach -- 6.3 User Grouping -- 6.4 Subcarrier and Band Hopping Strategies -- 6.5 Transceiver Structure -- 6.6 Hopping Sequence Design -- 6.6.1 Facts in Downlink -- 6.6.2 Design Goal -- 6.6.3 Assumptions -- 6.6.4 Physical Considerations -- 6.6.5 Sequence Design Preliminaries -- 6.6.6 Slow Band Hopping (SBH) -- 6.6.7 Fast Band Hopping (FBH) -- 6.6.8 Sub Carrier Hopping (SCH) -- 6.6.9 Implementation of Hopping Mechanism -- 6.7 System Level Simulation -- 6.7.1 Interference Calculation -- 6.7.2 Outage SINR Analysis -- 6.7.3 Goodput Simulations -- 6.8 Conclusion -- 7 Hybrid Link Adaptation -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Degrees of Freedom in Link Adaptation Process -- 7.3 Bit and Power Loading Algorithm -- 7.4 System Model -- 7.5 Hybrid LA Strategies -- 7.5.1 Different Link Adaptation Algorithms -- 7.5.2 LA with Different Subchannel Sizes -- 7.5.3 Fixed Coding Rate -- 7.5.4 LA Rate -- 7.5.5 Different LA and PC Rates -- 7.5.6 Interaction between Spatial Diversity and Link Adaptation -- 7.6 Discussion -- 7.7 Conclusion -- 8 Link Adaptation under Transceiver Impairments -- 8.1 Influence of Nonlinear HPA -- 8.1.1 HPA Models -- 8.1.2 Effect of HPA on Different Modulation and Coding Rates -- 8.1.3 Link Adaptation under HPA Impairments -- 8.1.4 Conclusion -- 8.2 LA under ICI -- 8.2.1 Introduction -- 8.2.2 LA under Undetected ICI -- 8.2.3 Conclusion -- 8.3 Summary -- 9 Bit Loading on Pilot Subcarriers -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 System Description.

9.3 Analytical Framework and Algorithm -- 9.4 Simulation and Discussion -- 9.5 Conclusion -- 10 Joint Link Adaptation and Resource Allocation in SISO/SIMO Systems -- 10.1 Fairness -- 10.2 Round Robin (RR) -- 10.3 Maximum Carrier to Interference Ratio (MAX C/I) -- 10.4 Proportional Fair (PF) -- 10.5 Summary -- 10.6 System Setup -- 10.7 Comparison between the Link Level and System Level Simulator -- 10.8 Simulation Result for Different RA Schemes -- 10.8.1 Allocated Bit,Coding Rate and Rate -- 10.8.2 Fairness -- 10.8.3 UE Alive Time -- 10.8.4 SINR at UE and NB -- 10.8.5 UE Throughput and Cell Throughput -- 10.8.6 Power Utilization -- 10.8.7 User Throughput versus Averaged SINR and Distance -- 10.8.8 Allocation Correlation -- 10.8.9 Rate Allocation at Different Distance Ranges -- 10.8.10 Number of Served and Dropped UEs per Second -- 10.8.11Summary -- 10.9 Simulation Result for PF with Different Configurations -- 10.9.1 Fairness -- 10.9.2 SINR at UE and NB -- 10.9.3 UE Throughput and Cell Throughput -- 10.9.4 Power Utilization -- 10.9.5 User Throughput versus Averaged SINR & Distance -- 10.9.6 Number of Served and Dropped UEs per Second -- 11 MIMO Precoding in Multi-User Scenarios -- 11.1 Precoding Techniques -- 11.1.1 Linear Precoding Techniques -- 11.1.2 Nonlinear Precoding Techniques -- 11.2 Problem Formulation -- 11.2.1 SDMA & CI with Single Antenna at UE -- 11.2.2 OFDMA & SDMA & CI with Single Antenna at UE -- 11.2.3 SDMA & CI/BD with Multiple Antennas at UE -- 11.2.4 OFDMA & SDMA & CI/BD with Multiple Antennas at UE -- 11.3 Summary -- 12 Simulation Results for Linear MIMO Precoding Techniques -- 12.1 System Setup -- 12.2 Comparison between SNR and SINR with Precoding -- 12.3 Simulation Result for Precoding -- 12.3.1 SDMA with Single-Antenna UEs -- 12.3.2 OFDMA & SDMA with Single-Antenna UEs -- 12.3.3 SDMA with Correlated Antennas at UE.

12.3.4 OFDMA & SDMA with Multiple-Antenna UEs -- 12.4 Summary -- 13 Impact of MIMO CCI: SINR Analysis and System Performance -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Assumptions and Definitions -- 13.2.1 Assumptions -- 13.2.2 Link Definitions -- 13.2.3 Scenario Definition -- 13.3 Symbol-by-Symbol Linear Receivers -- 13.3.1 MRC Receiver -- 13.3.2 MMSE Receiver -- 13.4 SINR Expressions -- 13.4.1 SIMO in Desired Link -- 13.4.2 AS in the Desired Link -- 13.4.3 TxBF in the Desired Link -- 13.4.4 STBC in the Desired Link -- 13.5 SINR Analysis -- 13.5.1 Cellular Scenario -- 13.5.2 Equal Power Scenario -- 13.6 Probability of Error -- 13.6.1 When Interferer is not STBC -- 13.6.2 When an Interferer Is STBC -- 13.7 BER Evaluations via Numerical Simulations -- 13.7.1 Simulation Parameters -- 13.7.2 Equal Power Scenario -- 13.7.3 Cellular Scenario -- 13.8 Summary -- 14 MIMO Systems at Cell Edge: Robust Receiver Design -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 Multiple Symbol Processing -- 14.2.1 Scenario and Assumptions -- 14.2.2 Linear MMSE receiver: Multiple symbol processing -- 14.2.3 Impact on System Level and Implementation Related Issues -- 14.3 Numerical Evaluations -- 14.3.1 Simulations Parameters -- 14.3.2 Mean SINR -- 14.3.3 Initial Investigations in Time-Invariant Channel -- 14.3.4 Simulation with Different Type of MIMO Interferers -- 14.3.5 Time-Variant Case -- 14.3.6 STBC Detection Module -- 14.4 Fractional Frequency Re-Use at Cell Edge -- 14.4.1 Motivation and Problem Definition -- 14.4.2 Prior Arts -- 14.4.3 The FFR Method -- 14.4.4 Evaluation of Proposed FFR Method -- 14.5 Summary -- 15 Conclusions and Future perspectives -- 15.1 Conclusions -- 15.2 Future Perspective -- 15.2.1 Green Radio -- 15.2.2 Soft Combining Using Network MIMO -- 15.2.3 Interference Management -- 15.2.4 Dynamic Fractional Frequency Re-Use -- 15.2.5 Dynamic Sectoring.

15.2.6 Home Base Stations and Self Organizing Networks -- 15.2.7 Spectrum Sharing and Cognitive Radio -- A The System-Level Simulator -- A.1 Cell -- A.2 Path Loss Model -- A.3 Minimum Coupling Loss (MCL) -- A.4 Shadowing Model -- A.5 User Mobility -- A.6 Wrap Around -- A.7 SINR -- A.8 Feedback Delay -- A.9 CSI Estimation Error and Quantization -- A.10 Error Model -- A.11 Interference Model -- A.12 Flowchart of the System-Level Simulator -- A.13 Brief Description of the Simulator -- A.14 Folder Structure -- A.15 To Begin the Simulator -- A.16 Function Flow -- A.16.1 Link Level Simulation -- A.16.2 System Level Simulation -- A.17 Primary Parameter Description -- B LA in OFDM Systems under HPA -- B.1 PAPR in OFDM -- B.1.1 CDF of PAPR -- B.1.2 SDNR Plots -- B.2 Performance of Different Modulation and Coding -- Bibliography -- About the Authors.