Foreword -- Preface -- Contents -- List of Contributors -- Introduction -- Part 1 Principles of M&E in SCWD Projects -- 1. Principles and Practices of Monitoring and Evaluation for Watershed and Conservation Projects -- Introduction -- Principles -- Monitoring -- Evaluation -- Conclusions -- References -- 2. Monitoring and Evaluation of Watershed Development Projects in India -- Introduction -- Approach and Strategy -- Component Areas Requiring Evaluation -- Sub-areas -- Indicators -- Methodology -- Sampling -- An Example of Sampling -- Live or Illustrative Cases -- Tools and Techniques for Data Acquisition -- Substainability -- Replicability -- References -- 3. Monitoring and Evaluation of Soil Conservation and Watershed Development Projects: An Approach to Sustainable Development -- Introduction -- Soil Conservation and Watershed Development -- Monitoring and Evaluation -- Who Should Monitor and Evaluate -- Dimensions of M&E -- How to Select Parameters for M&E -- How to Monitor -- How to Evaluate -- Report and Response -- Conclusion -- References -- 4. Impact Monitoring of Soil and Water Conservation: Taking a Wider Look -- Taking a Wider Perspective -- Development of an Instrument for Impact Monitoring and Assessment in SLM -- Six Steps in Impact Monitoring and Assessment -- Concluding Remarks -- References -- 5. M&E as Learning: Rethinking the Dominant Paradigm -- Introduction -- The Key Functions of M&E -- A Critical Look at Emerging Issues for M&E Theory and Practice -- The Basis for an Alternative Paradigm -- Conclusion-Designing M&E as Learning Systems -- References -- Part 2: M&E in Practice -- 6. Monitoring and Evaluation for Efficient Sustainable Development Projects -- Introduction -- The Sustainable Development Approach -- Monitoring and Evaluation of Project Achievements -- A Sample Application -- Concluding Remarks -- References.

7. Using a Watershed Focus for Monitoring and Evaluation of SWC in Nicaragua -- Introduction -- Project Objectives and Achievement Indicators -- Watershed Approach -- Progression of Project -- Monitoring and Internal Evaluation -- External Technical and Financial Evaluation -- Follow-up after the Mitch Reconstruction Project -- Conclusion -- References -- 8. Monitoring and Evaluation of Watershed Projects in India - Field Application and Data Analysis -- Introduction -- Methods -- Results and Discussion -- Risk from Rainfall Variations -- Risk from Changing Land Use -- Risk from Soil Changes -- Level and Intensity of Treatment Packages -- Silt Deposited due to Drainage Line Structures -- Improved Groundwater Status -- Enhanced Irrigation Potential -- Improved Channel Flow -- Increased Biomass Productivity -- Employment Opportunity -- Institution Building -- Economic Status -- Environmental Improvement -- Enlarged Green Area -- Gross Green Area and Effective Green Area -- Land Use Shifts -- Reduced Poor Quality of Bovines and Enhanced Fodder Availability -- Rural Connectivity -- Cost Sharing of Beneficiaries -- Conclusions -- References -- 9. Monitoring and Evaluation of Soil Conservation and Watershed Development Projects in Sri Lanka -- Introduction -- Principles and Concepts of M&E -- Types of Soil Conservationa and Watershed Development Activities -- Present Situation of Soil Conservation and Watershed Development Activities -- M&E of Major Projects -- M&E of Upper Mahaweli Watershed Management Project (UWMP) -- Quality Assurance in UWMP -- Database for M&E -- An Example for Impact Assessment -- M&E by Hadabima Authority -- National Institutionlization of M&E -- Conclusions and Recommendations -- References -- 10. Regional Monitoring and Evaluation of Soil and Water Conservation - A Case Study on Loess Plateau, China -- Introduction -- Study Area.

Results and Discussion -- References -- 11. Impact Monitoring as the Key for Testing the Long-term Watershed Development Project Hypothesis andIts Success - as Demonstrated in the Changar Project in India -- Introduction -- Changar Project Background -- M&E in the Changar Project -- A Snapshot of Methodology -- Conclusions -- Recommendations -- Progressive IM Application for WSD -- References -- 12. Linking Monitoring to Evaluation in a Soil and Water Conservation Project in Southern Mali -- The Need for More Timely Evaluations -- Methods -- The SWC Project in Southern Mali -- Monitoring of the SWC Project -- Conclusions and Recommendations -- References -- Part 3: Physical Parameters in M&E -- 13. An Alternative Way to Assess Water Erosion of Cultivated Land -- Introduction -- The Case for Field Assessment -- Field-based Assessment of Water Erosion -- Some Results from a Field-based Survey of Erosion in England and Wales -- Conclusions -- References -- 14. Monitoring Erosion Using Microtopographic Features -- Microtopographic Features and Soil Erosion -- Related Studies on Soil Microtopography and Erosion -- Method of Recording Features -- Index of Erosion Intensity Derived from the Microtopographic Features -- Example of Monitoring Erosion to Evaluate the Effect of Cultivation Practices -- Accuracy of Measured Soil Loss and Precision of the Indicator of Erosion Intensity -- Conclusions -- References -- 15. The Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed - 50 Years of Watershed Monitoring and Research -- Introduction -- Measurement and Monitoring on the USDA-ARS Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed -- Core Monitoring Network -- Research Finding and Technology Transfer -- Monitoring Lessons Learned -- Summary -- References -- 16. Geomatics: An Effective Technology for Monitoring and Evaluation of Soil Conservation and Watershed Development Projects.

Introduction -- Watershed Spatial Information System (WSIS) as a Basis for M&E -- Spatial Data Collection, Analysis and Communication: A Challenging Task -- Remote Sensing in M&E -- GIS Applications for M&E -- Conclusions -- References -- 17. Use of Environmental Radionuclides to Monitor Soil Erosion and Sedimentation in the Field, Landscape and Catchment Level before, during and after Implemention of SWC Measures -- Introduction -- Methods -- Results and Discussion -- Standard Characterization of the Soil Conservation Technologies in Study -- The Use of Environmental Radionuclides in Soil Conservation Projects: Approaches and Challenges -- Conclusions -- References -- 18, Integrated Conservation Planning in a Small Catchment on the Chinese Loess Plateau -- Introduction -- Study Area -- Project Structure and Methods -- Results -- Discussion -- Conclusions -- References -- Part 4: Social, Economic and Institutional Aspects -- 19. Monitoring and Evaluation of a Village's Progress-driven Attitude -- Introduction -- A New Intervention Strategy for SWC -- A Village's Progress-driven Attitude -- Monitoring and Evaluation -- Experiences of the Project -- Conclusions -- References -- 20. Environmental Assessment of Conservation Initiatives within the Darby Creek Watershed in Ohio, USA -- Introduction -- Impact Assessment of Conservation Programmes within the Darby Creek Watershed -- Multiple Group Comparison of Darby Creek Watershed SWC Programmes -- Comparison of Two Watersheds in Central OHIO -- Policy Implications of Monitoring Studies within the Darby Creek Watershed -- References -- 21. Monitoring and Evaluation of Watershed Initiatives: Lessons from Landcare in Australia -- Introduction -- Background -- Landcare as National Programme -- Landcare Group Modus Operandi and Activity -- Local Landcare Groups and Regional Planning.

Lesson for Monitoring and Evaluation -- Articulate the Programme Logic -- Distinguish Roles and Responsibilities of Landholders, Watershed Groups and Regional Planning Bodies -- Be Purposeful: Set Out to Learn -- Set Out to Sustain, Not Just Establish Watershed Groups -- Strive to Inform Management and Policy -- Conclusions -- Rreferences -- 22. Social Cost-Benefit Analysis as an Evaluation Tool with Case Studies of Small-scale Irrigation and Micro-hydroelectric Generation (Microhydel) Projects in North West Pakistan -- Introduction -- The Rise, Fall and Rise of SBCA and Its Changing Relationship to M&E -- SCBA and Current Environmental and Distributional Concerns in Soil and Water Conservation Projects -- The SCBA Process -- Case Study -- Conclusion -- References -- 23. Institutionalization of Monitoring and Evaluation in Natural Resource Management: Experiences and Issues -- Introduction -- NWFP, Poverty and Land Degradation -- The New Management Approach -- Monitoring and Evaluation -- Making the Change -- Conclusion -- References -- 24. Farmer Participation in Research and Extension: The Key to Achieving Adoption of More Sustainable Cassava Production Practices on Sloping Land in Asia and TheirImpact on Farmers' Income -- Introduction -- Materials and Methods -- Results and Discussion -- Adaptation -- Adoption -- Assessment of Impact -- Rate of Return on the Research Investment -- Conclusions -- References -- 25. WOCAT: A Framework for Monitoring and Evaluation of Soil and Water Conservation Initiatives -- Introduction -- Using and Adapting the WOCAT Tools -- WOCAT as a Tool for Monitoring -- Evaluation through WOCAT -- Results from the WOCAT Database -- The Way Forward -- References -- Epilogue -- The Challenge of Determining the Shape and Direction of Information Flows -- The Challenge of Improving Participation for Better use of Information.

The Challenge of Combing "Scientific" and "Testimony" Information.