main street to MAINFRAMES -- Contents -- Illustrations -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- PART I. Before 1900 -- 1. The Valley Setting -- 2. Poughkeepsie Grows from Village to City -- 3. Improvements and Conflicts in the Late Nineteenth Century -- PART II. A Diversified Industrial Economy and Society -- 4. The Cityscape at the Turn of the Twentieth Century -- 5. A New Wave of Immigrants Changes the Citizenry -- 6. Municipal Reform and Urban Planning -- 7. Changes to the Space Economy Between the Wars -- 8. Business and Labor in the 1920s and 1930s -- 9. Depression in FDR's Home County -- PART III. IBM Remakes the Region as Its Largest Employer -- 10. Technological Revolution Transforms the Region: IBM -- 11. IBM Triumphs with the 360 Mainframe Computer -- 12. The Quest for Inner-City Revitalization: Urban Renewal -- 13. Social Planning:The Model Cities Experiment -- 14. Issues and Causes of the 1960s -- 15. Change in Higher Education in the Valley -- 16. IBM Downsizes, but the Valley Recovers -- PART IV. Postindustrial Poughkeepsie and the Valley -- 17. The Nonprofit Sector Grows in Importance -- 18. Main Street Struggles to Return Amid Suburban Sprawl -- 19. Civic Identity and Social Change in the 1990s -- 20. City and Region at the End of the Twentieth Century -- 21. Main Street and theTwenty-first Century Cultural Landscape -- EPILOGUE: Main Street Revisited -- Notes -- Annotated Bibliography -- Illustration Credits -- Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- Q -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- Y -- Z.