Contents -- Illustrations -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1 Prologue: Some Debating Points on Gandharan Buddhism and Kusana History -- PART I: ARCHAEOLOGY -- 2 Recent Archaeological Research in Gandhara: The New Evidence -- 3 Buddhist Presence in the Urban Settlements of Swat, Second Century BCE to Fourth Century CE -- 4 Relic Shrines of Gandhara: A Reinterpretation of the Archaeological Evidence -- PART II: TEXTS -- 5 Pilgrimage Route Changes and the Decline of Gandhara -- 6 New Manuscript Sources for the Study of Gandharan Buddhism -- PART III: ART -- 7 Bodhisattvas in Gandharan Art: An Aspect of Mahayana in Gandharan Buddhism -- 8 The Nature and Use of the Bodily Relics of the Buddha in Gandhara -- 9 Gateways to the Buddha: Figures under Arches in Early Gandharan Art -- 10 A Gandharan Relief with Two Scenes from Buddha's Life -- 11 Local Crafts in Early Gandharan Art -- 12 Ananda and Vajrapani: An Inexplicable Absence and a Mysterious Presence in Gandharan Art -- 13 Design Diversity in Kaniska's Buddha Coins -- Contributors -- Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- X -- Y -- Z.