Contents -- Foreword -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- Part 1: The Broad Physical Basis -- 1 The Physical Setting: A Story of Changing Environments through Time -- 2 Climate -- 3 Watersheds -- Part 2: From Wilderness to City -- 4 Native Settlement to 1847 -- 5 Spatial Growth -- Part 3: The Past and Present Natural Environment -- 6 Ecology, Ecosystems, and the Greater Toronto Region -- 7 Vascular Plants -- 8 Mosses, Liverworts, Hornworts, and Lichens -- 9 Fungi -- 10 Invertebrates -- 11 Insects -- 12 Fish -- 13 Amphibians and Reptiles -- 14 Mammals -- 15 Birds -- Part 4: The Special Places -- 16 From Acquisition to Restoration: A History of Protecting Toronto's Natural Places -- 17 Special Places -- Waterfront Ecosystems: Restoring Is Remembering -- The Port Lands: The Significance of the Ordinary -- Scarborough Bluffs -- The Savannahs of High Park -- Oak Ridges Moraine -- Credit River -- Humber Valley -- Don Valley -- Duffins Creek -- Rouge Valley -- 18 Discussion and Conclusions -- The History of the Royal Canadian Institute -- Afterword -- References and Additional Reading -- Contributors' Acknowledgments -- Contributors -- Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- Q -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- X -- Y -- Z.